Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of garden pea (Pisum sativum L. ssp. hortense Asch and Graebn.)
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Date
2005
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SKUAST Kashmir
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Area of Division of Olericulture, SKUAST-K, Shalimar campus during rabi 2003-04, to study the effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of garden pea cv. Azad Pea-1. The experiment was laid out in R.B.D. with three replications. The pea variety Azad P-1 was sown in plot size of 2.4 x 2.1 m2 at a spacing of 20 x 10 cm and sixteen treatments comprising of different doses of organic manures such as farmyard manure, sheep manure and poultry manure and inorganic fertilizers (DAP, urea and MOP) were tried in different plots in three replications other than the control (no manure or fertilizer). The observations were recorded on days to maturity, plant height (cm), average pod length (cm), average pod girth (cm), number of pods plant-1, number of seeds per pod, total plant weight (kg), shelling percentage, drymatter content (%), uptake of NPK in plants at harvest and B:C ratio. Application of inorganic fertilizers alone has shown increase in plant height and early maturity of pods than by organic manures alone. However, the maximum plant height, pod length and pod girth was recorded by the treatment combination of 75% RFD + 4 t poultry manure ha-1. Significant increase in other characters like number of pods plant-1, number of seeds per pod and shelling percentage was observed in the treatment combination of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers than with the individual application of organic manures or inorganic fertilizers. The maximum pod yield (129.63 q ha-1) was recorded in the plot provided with 75% RFD + 4 t poultry manure ha-1. The quality parameters like drymatter content (%), total soluble solids (oB) and protein content (%) were also found maximum in the same treatment. The uptake of N, P and K nutrients in plants at last picking was found increased with the treatment of inorganic fertilizer alone as compared to the organic manure alone. However, the treatment combination of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers have increased the uptake of nutrients in plants. The maximum uptake of N=165.68 kg ha-1, P=15.43 kg ha-1 and K=164.61 kg ha-1 was recorded with the treatment combination (T9) provided with 75% RFD + 4 t poultry manure ha-1. The economic studies indicated that the combination treatment (T9) provided with 75% RFD + 4 t poultry manure ha-1 produced highest net returns of Rs. 59511.00 with benefit cost ratio of Rs. 2.04 followed by combination treatment T10 provided with 75% RFD + 2 t poultry manure ha-1 which recorded net returns of Rs. 49513.00 with benefit cost ratio 1.97 per rupee invested. The treatment combinations of 75% RFD + 20 t farmyard manure ha-1 and 75% RFD + 16 t sheep manure ha-1 provided net returns of Rs. 39209.00 and Rs. 39015.00 with B:C ratio of Rs. 1.66 and Rs. 1.60, respectively. Thus from the present investigation, it is concluded that the application of 75% RFD (22.5, 45, 45 kg NPK ha-1) alongwith 4 t poultry manure ha-1 proved best for obtaining early crop with higher yield and quality, besides maximum returns, however, poultry manure is not easily available in Kashmir in sufficient quantities, as compared to farmyard manure and sheep manure, hence the treatment combination of 75% RFD + 20 t farmyard manure ha-1 and 75% RFD + 15 t sheep manure ha-1 are suggested to adopt in pea cultivation under agro-climatic conditions of Kashmir.
Description
M.Sc Thesis submitted to SKUAST Kashmir
Keywords
Growth, Inorganic fertilizers, Organic manures, Pea, Quality and yield, Olericulture/Vegetable Science