VARIETAL EVALUATION FOR FLORAL BIOLOGY IN RELATION TO FRUIT AND SEED YIELD IN OKRA [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]

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Date
2018-03
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University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. (College of Horticulture, Bengaluru)
Abstract
The study was conducted at the experimental field of ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru, during kharif season of the year 2016 to evaluate okra varieties for floral biology with respect to fruit and seed yield. Among the different varieties, Srivilliputhur Local (19.93) was recorded maximum number of flowers per plant followed by Arka Anamika (18.37) and Arka Abhay (18.33) and minimum number of days taken for 50 per cent flowering was observed in Ankur-48 (40.33) and Arka Anamika (41.33). In all the varieties, peak anthesis was noticed during 8.00 to 9.00 a.m. Anther dehiscence was found to be maximum after 10 minutes of anthesis in all the varieties. Among the varieties, maximum pollen viability was observed at the time of anthesis in Ankur-48 (98.26%) and Arka Anamika (96.22%). Duration of pollen viability was maximum in Arka Anamika at 8 hours after anthesis (70.56%) and existed up to 24 hours after anthesis (44.60%). In-vitro pollen germination was high in all the varieties after 48 hours of incubation. Peak stigma receptivity was observed between 8.00 and 9.00 a.m. on the day of anthesis in all the varieties. Duration of stigma receptivity was highest in Arka Anamika until 12 p.m. (66.00%). All the varieties were self-compatible with less pollen limitation and lower dependency on pollinators. The maximum fruit set (81.43%), highest fruit yield (12.77 t ha-1) and seed yield (1.91 t ha-1) was observed in Arka Anamika. This could be attributed to highest number of nectaries (56.47), highest pollen viability at 4 hours of anthesis (87.57%), highest stigma receptivity during 8.00 and 9.00 a.m. (84.33%) and maximum stigma receptivity at 12.00 p.m. (66.00%). Number of nectaries was found to be maximum in Arka Anamika (56.47), which favoured open pollination by honey bees while the nectar glands was found to be absent in Thirunelveli Local and Ankur-48. Among the different modes of pollination, open pollination recorded better fruit yield, whereas selfing by bagging recorded higher seed yield. Number of flowers per plant, flower length, corolla length, ovary breadth, number of ovules, position of anther and stigma, style length, in-vitro pollen germination and duration of stigma receptivity were significant and positively correlated with pod and seed yield characters.
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