Economics of production and marketing of crossbreed cow milk in satara district of maharashtra
Loading...
Files
Date
2020-09-30
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
Abstract
Basically India is an agricultural country and livestock sector is an integral part of the agriculture. It is the back-bone of India’s economy in the form of income, employment and foreign exchange earnings. It is estimated that dairying sector alone is contributing 15% of the Gross National Income. The growth of this livestock sector is much faster (6-8%) than core agriculture itself (2.3%) Dairy itself has a growth of 5-6% per annum. In the global Scenario India is the topper in milk production, has third position in egg and fifth in chicken production.In livestock sector 16.44 million people engaged in this sector. In India livestock provides regular, supplementary income to producers engaged in secondary and tertiary forms related to livestock business. Besides providing organic manure, livestock provides important source of several value - added by products.Dairy enterprise plays very important role in the rural economy of India. It provides income and employment not only to the workers section of the society but also to the farming community of the country in general. The returns from small holding can be maximized by the proper combination of dairy enterprise with crop production.
For this study, the Satara district was purposively selected because it is known for higher milk production in the Western Maharashtra region.For the collection of data stratified multistage sampling was used. In Satara district Phaltan and Karad these two tehsils was selected. In these two tehsils 6 villages namely Vidni, Somanthali, Sonawadi, Vasantgad, Sakurdi, Kodoli was selected. Randomly 90 respondent farmers was selected from 6 villages on the basis of the number of crossbreed present. The farmers are classified as small, medium, large on the basis of number of crossbreed cow present. The farmers having 1-2 crossbreed cow which was classified as small size farmers, farmers having 3-5 crossbreed cows which was classified as medium farmer and the farmers having 5-10 crossbreed cows which was classified as large farmer. The data were collected from the farmers by personal interviewing method.
In the study it is revealed that at the overall level total family members per farm, only 0.03 members were illiterate. The Average members who educated up to primary school were 0.15 and the average person who completed their education up to high school were 0.64 .The average person who completed their education up to HSC were 0.16. The average person who completed their education up to college were 0.02, the average person which are non-literate are 0.07. The average number of person who completed their education up to 12th were for small, 0.20 and 0.20 for medium and for large 0.20 respectively. The average number of person who are non-literate are 0.07.It is observed that at the overall level average size of family was 5.67 members. The average total numbers of members in small, medium and large groups of farms were 5.27, 614 and 5.63, respectively. The composition of the family at the overall level showed that each family had 1.84 adult male, 1.87 adult females and 1.96 children’s.The average size of land holding was 0.96 hectares. The average size of land holding in small, medium and large was found to be 0.71, 1.01 and 1.18 hectares, respectively. The all area of sample farmers are irrigated.
In the Livestock inventory of sample farmers includes buffalo, cattle, heifer, calves, and goat and poultry birds. The average size of livestock per family at overall level was 9.40. Average total livestock population at Large size group of farmer had 14.18 livestock per farm and Small and medium size group of farmer had 5.02 and 9.02 average number of total livestock. The overall level cow formed 45.65 per cent of the total livestock owned by the farmers. The cow in small size, medium size and large size group was 28.48, 41.79, and 54.12 per cent respectively. The overall level buffalo having 12.98 per cent of the total livestock owned by the farmers. The buffalo in small size, medium size, and large size was 27.81, 14.93, and 6.35 per cent respectively. The Average number of poultry at overall level was 6.26. The average number of poultry birds in small, medium and large size group of farmer was 7, 6.56 and 5.23 respectively. For the per cow, the total maintenance cost of cross-bred cow was 76248.15, and gross returns obtained was 126131.59 out of which 95.07 per cent was received from milk, 3.92 per cent from dung and 1.68 per cent was value of Calves. Net return obtained from cross-bred cow milk production was 59039.24. The B:C ratio in cross-bred cow milk production was 1.65. The average total milk production obtained from the small, medium and large size group of farmers was 54215.66 lit. From 54215.66 lit 1406.66lit (2.59%) used for family consumption and 52812.71 Lit milk was sold at market.
The total quantities of milk sold through different channels was 101627.36 lit. Out of which the milk sold through channel I – producer to cooperative dairy was 34346.03 which was 33.80% to the total milk sold through different channels. The milk sold through channel II – producer to private dairy was 66266.18 lit which was 65.20%. The milk sold through channel III – producer to consumer was 1015.15 lit which was 1.00% to the milk sold through different channels. The channel II was mostly used for marketing of milk.The marketing cost for channel I it was 1.37 , for Channel II 1.53 , for Channel III 1.20 , per liter of milk marketed through different channels. The producer’s share in consumer rupees was highest to that farmers, who have sold their milk to the channel III than the channel I, and channel II respectively.
In this study it is observed that the major constraints faced by the dairy farmer was high costs of feed which was 66.66% of respondent farmers out of 90 respondent farmers. The low price of milk accounting 63.33 % respondent farmer out of the 90 farmers. . The 58.88% respondent farmers facing the lack of dry fodder throughout the year. The 51.11 % respondent farmers was suffering the problems of lack of cold storage facilities. The respondent farmer was also facing the problems of lack of organized markets, fluctuation in milk rate and inadequate housing facilities for crossbred cow.
The respondent farmers was given to minimize the problems. The 77.77% farmers out of the 90 farmers was suggest the availability of A.I and veterinary facilities at nearby cities. The 72.22% farmers was suggest the Availability of fodder at cheaper rate. The 61.11 % farmers was suggest the conducting the different training programme on balance feeding for proper maintenance. The quick credit availability procedure, availability of feed at cheaper rate, stability of milk rate and appropriate market price to milk were suggest by 55.55%, 66.66%, 43.33% and 62.22% respectively.