IMPACT EVALUATION OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR INTERVENTIONS ON BASMATI RICE PRODUCTION IN JAMMU DISTRICT
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Date
2020-01-03
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Division of Agricultural Extension Education Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu Main Campus, Chatha, Jammu
Abstract
In India, rice is the most important and extensively grown food crop, occupying 44.14 million hectares of land in 2013-14, 44.11 million hectares in 2014-15 and 43.39 million hectares in 2015-16 with a production of 106.65 million tonnes, 105.48 million tonnes and 104.32 million tonnes respectively. Among many varieties of rice grown worldwide and in India, Basmati rice is unique among due to its delicious taste, distinct flavour and superior aroma, which literally make it “king of rice”. India is the leading exporter of Basmati rice to the global markets. In 2015-16, the country has exported 40,45,796.25 tonnes of Basmati rice to the world for the worth of Rs. 22,718.44 crores. Keeping in view this opportunity, many private companies like Sarweshwar, Sunstar, Amira Foods, etc. are involved in contract farming of Basmati rice in the Jammu region. Further, the State Department of Agriculture has initiated special Basmati rice cultivation programmes like Quality Basmati Cluster Initiatives and Organic Basmati Cluster Initiatives. Also, Central Integrated Pest Management Centre (CIPMC) is implementing Integrated Pest Management Programmes in rice since 1993-94. To find out the impact of these interventions on production and marketing of Basmati rice, a study entitled “Impact Evaluation of Public and Private Sector Interventions on Basmati rice Production in Jammu District” was undertaken. Based on the feasibility, static multi-group comparison research design was employed for the study. For the study, four different treatment groups and one control group were selected. From each group, 40 respondents were selected by random sampling without replacement which raised the sample size to 200. Results show that majority of the respondents of Organic Basmati cluster initiatives (G1), Contract farming for organic Basmati by Sarweshwar Foods Ltd. (G2), Quality Basmati cluster initiatives (G3), Integrated Pest Management of Basmati by CIPMC (G4) and Farmers’ practice (G5) belong to middle age group and majority of the respondent of G1, G4 and G5 were educated up to middle class. Majority of the respondents G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5 were categorized as marginal farmers (≤ 1 ha). There was a significant difference of average Basmati cultivation experience (in years) of G1, G2, G3 and G5 from G4 (F=2.404, p≤0.05). Members of treatment groups have developed more extension contacts than the members of control group. Results regarding adoption of recommended Basmati cultivation practices showed that majority of the respondents adopted recommended seed rate, number of planking, bispyribac sodium dosage and nursery age during transplanting. It was also found that farmers prefer to use their own seed because it cheaper and more readily available. The cost of cultivation was found to be highest in G2 (`65236.02 ) followed by G4 (`64142.75 ), G3 (`62787.18), G5 (`55559.67 ) and least in G1 (`52072.69 ). The mean difference in the C:B ratio of G2 (1: 1.84) and G5 (1: 2.38); G3 (1: 1.97) and G4 (1: 2.42); G3 (1: 1.97) and G5 (1: 2.38) was significant at p≤0.05. It was also observed that there was a high significant difference in the area (F=8.732, p=0.000), production (F=7.570, p=0.000), productivity (F=14.193, p=0.000) and selling price (F=11.505, p=0.000) of all the groups. The study also highlighted that there are eleven different marketing channels through which the Basmati rice reaches its ultimate consumers. The marketing margin throughout the channel was found to be highest in Channel-I (`1750). Producer’s share in consumer’s rupee was found to be highest in Channel-XI (95.14%) as there was no intermediary involved in the channel. Results from step-wise linear regression model showed that seed rate, FYM, DAP, MoP, extension contact, farm mechanization, irrigation, and age were the factors that significantly affected the productivity of the crop with R2 value of 0.355, 0.467, 0.272, 0.265 and 0.241 for G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5, respectively. Lack of knowledge, Non-availability of inputs on time, Use of chemicals are harmful, lack of information about recent pest management strategies were the major reasons reported by the respondents that lead to non-adoption of Basmati rice cultivation practices.