Study of Combining Ability and Yield Stability Analysis in Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.)
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Date
2019-02-02
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Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, BAU, Sabour
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Study of Combining Ability and Yield Stability Analysis in Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.)” was conducted during rabi 2016-17, kharif 2017 and rabi 2017-18. Six parents were crossed in diallel fashion including reciprocal during rabi, 2016-17 at farm of Bihar Agricultural University Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar (India). The 38 genotypes (06 parents, 30 F1's and 2 checks) were evaluated in six environments during kharif 2017 and rabi 2017-18, at three different farm of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur), namely , Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour; Bhola Paswan Shashtri College of Agriculture College, Purnea and Pulse Research Centre, Mokama with objectives to study inter-relationship of component character with grain yield and among themselves, to estimate the general and specific combining ability of inbred lines and crosses, respectively and to study the G x E interaction and stability parameter of crosses. Data were recorded for twelve quantitative characters such as days to 50 per cent anthesis, days to 50 per cent silk , anthesis-silking interval, plant height, ear height, days to 75 per cent maturity, number of grain per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein per cent in kernel, lysine per cent in kernel protein, tryptophan per cent in kernel protein and grain yield per plant. The pooled analysis of variances for the design of experiment revealed that, the mean squares due to genotype and environment were highly significant for all the characters. Similarly, mean squares due to genotype x environment was also found to be highly significant for all the characters except, protein, lysine and tryptophan. The mean performance, crosses, namely, CML 167 x CML 161, CML 161x CML167, CML 167 x VL1037, VL1056 x CML 167 and CML 167 x VL1056 were found to be top rankers for grain yield per plant in comparison to the better check, Shaktiman-4. Pooled analysis of variance revealed highly significant mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) for the characters viz., days to 50 per cent anthesis, days to 50 per cent silk, plant height, ear height, number of grain per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein per cent in kernel, lysine per cent in kernel protein, tryptophan per cent in protein and grain yield per plant were highly significant except anthesis-silking interval and days to75per cent maturity was found to be non-significant. The mean squares due to specific combining ability were highly significant for the characters, namely, days to 50 per cent anthesis, days to 50 per cent silk, plant height, ear height, days to 75 per cent maturity , number of grains per plant, 1000 - grain weight, protein per cent in kernel, lysine per cent in kernel protein, tryptophan per cent in kernel protein and grain yield per plant except anthesis-silking interval was found to be non-significant. mean squares due to reciprocal specific combining ability (RSCA) for the characters viz., days to 50 per cent anthesis, days to 50 per cent silk, plant height, ear height, number of grain per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein per cent in kernel protein, lysine per cent in kernel protein, tryptophan per cent in kernel protein and grain yield per plant were highly significant except anthesis-silking interval and days to75 per cent maturity was found to be non-significant.
Estimates of components of variance for twelve characters revealed that variance due to SCA was more than variance due to GCA for the characters viz., days to 50 per cent anthesis, days to 50 per cent silk, anthesis-silking interval, plant height, ear height, days to 75 per cent maturity, number of grain per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein per cent in kernel, lysine per cent in kernel protein, tryptophan per cent in kernel protein and grain yield per plant. Parent CML 167 was found to be good general combiner for grain yield per plant. Crosses, namely, CML 161 x CML 167, CML 167 x VL 1056, CML 171 x VL 1037, CML 161 x CML 193 and CML 193 x VL 1037 were found to be top five good specific combinations for grain yield per plant. Reciprocal specific combinations, VL 1037 x CML 167, VL 1056 x CML 171, VL 1056 x CML 161, VL 1037 x CML 161 and CML 171 x CML 161 were found to be top combinations good for grain yield per plant. The best hybrid CML 161 x CML 171 and CML 161 x VL 1037 was identified on the basis of SCA/RSCA, GCA, mean performance and stability for grain yield across the environment. So, the experimental hybrid, CML 161 x CML 171 was identified as the promising hybrids for grain yield per plant and VL 1037 x VL 1056 for quality parameter across the environment.