EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS, MOLYBDENUM AND ORGANICS ON SOIL QUALITY AND CROP PERFORMANCE OF BLACKGRAM UNDER RAINFED ECOLOGY OF JAMMU
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Date
2020-01-01
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Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha, Jammu
Abstract
100 soil samples from blackgram growing rainfed areas of Jammu were collected and analyzed for various physico-chemical properties and available nutrients. The results revealed that soil was low in available nitrogen (N) (229.0 kg ha-1) and medium in phosphorus (P) (12.7 kg ha-1) and potassium (K) (178.4 kg ha-1). However, available molybdenum (Mo) (0.282 mg kg-1) in soil was in sufficient range. The correlation matrix revealed that available nutrients were negatively correlated with electrical conductivity, bulk density and sand content where as positive correlation between available nutrients with organic carbon and silt was observed. Also, available nutrients except Mo were negatively correlated with soil pH while positive relationship was obtained between clay and available nutrients (except P).
A field experiment entitled “Effect of phosphorus, molybdenum and organics on soil quality and crop performance of blackgram under rainfed ecology of Jammu” was conducted at research farm of Advance Centre for Rainfed Agriculture, Dhiansar, SKUAST-J during 2016 and 2017. The experiment consisted of 13 treatments comprising different combinations of chemical fertilizers, organic manure and biofertilizers viz. T1: Control, T2: P20 + PSB, T3: P20 + PSB + Rhizobium, T4: P20 + PSB + Rhizobium + FYM, T5: P20 + 0.5Mo + PSB, T6: P20 + 0.5Mo + PSB + Rhizobium, T7: P20 + 0.5Mo + PSB + Rhizobium + FYM, T8: P40 + PSB, T9: P40 + PSB + Rhizobium, T10: P40 + PSB + Rhizobium + FYM, T11: P40 + 0.5Mo + PSB, T12: P40 + 0.5Mo + PSB + Rhizobium, T13: P40 + 0.5Mo + PSB + Rhizobium + FYM. Blackgram cultivar (Uttara) was taken as test crop. The results reflected that soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture, slightly acidic in nature, low in organic carbon (OC) content and available N; medium in available P and K and high in available Mo. The water holding capacity (WHC) and soil porosity significantly improved under treatments which received combined applications of inorganics and organics over rest of the treatments as well as initial status of soil. Application of inorganics plus organics brought about significant improvement in general bacterial and fungal count; dehydrogenase activity; labile carbon (LC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), available N, P, K and Mo of the post-harvest soil samples. Balanced sheet with regard to available nutrients viz. N, P, K and Mo were found positive under all treatments except control while phosphorus use efficiency was found maximum under treatment T7. Soil quality index (SQI) developed for different treatment varied from 0.105 to 0.398. The magnitude of share of key soil quality indicators for influencing SQI were WHC, dehydrogenase, bacteria and available P.
The yield of blackgram in terms of grain and straw and yield attributing characters viz. number of pods per plant and number of grains per pod were found significantly higher under T13 during both the years of experiment. The treatment T13 registered higher number of nodules per plant recorded at 40 DAS during 2016 and 2017. The lowest number of nodules, pods per plant, grains per pod, grain and straw yield; N, P, K and Mo uptake by blackgram were obtained under T1 i.e., control. Also, the results of the present investigation revealed that uptake of nutrients (N, P, K and Mo) by blackgram increased significantly by enriching the soil with P40 + 0.5Mo + PSB + Rhizobium + FYM (T13) during both the years of study.
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