WATER CONSERVATION PLAN BASED ON GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL OF MAND CATCHMENT IN MAHANADI BASIN
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Date
2020
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.)
Abstract
Currently, due to the expansion of more residents, rapid urbanization and climate change along with irregularity in the frequency and intensity of rainfall there is inadequate groundwater management and difficulty in storage plans. Therefore, the assessment of groundwater resources is desperately needed because they play a primary role in the sustainability of livelihood and regional economies worldwide. This can be done by the introduction of a systematic approach to watershed management. The study area is Mand catchment of Mahanadi basin, part of Chhattisgarh having area of 5332.07 km2, ranging from 21°42'15.525"N to 23°4'19.746"N latitude and 82°50'54.503"E to 83°36'1.295"E longitude. The Mand river originates from the Mainpat plateau village Bargidih of Sarguja district which is in northern Chhattisgarh. Mand River is a Mahanadi tributary and gets merge at Chandrapur which is 28 km away from the Orissa border. It covers parts of the districts of Sarguja, Korba, Janjgir-Champa, Jashpur and Raigarh where Raigarh district is a major region. Rainfall is the primary source of groundwater recharge in the region and during the southwest monsoon season it receives maximum rainfall (85 percent). Normal annual rainfall is 1192.1 mm. Maximum temperature (42.5 ⁰C) is in the May month and minimum temperature (8.2 ⁰C) is in the January month.
The research analyzes morphomeric parameters, thematic maps generation, groundwater potential areas demarcation, runoff measurement and to recommend structures for recharging groundwater efficiently and effectively using remote sensing and GIS. Using SRTM DEM, the hydrological module of the ArcGIS 10.5 was used to delineate and morphometrically analyze the catchment. In addition, various thematic maps including boundary map, district map, block map, sub-watershed map, drainage map, drainage density map, stream order map, soil texture map, contour map, aspect map, slope map, geology map, geomorphology map, lineament map, groundwater level maps (Pre and Post monsoon), groundwater fluctuation map, rainfall map and LULC map were developed in the ArcGIS 10.5. The land use/cover map was generated using supervised classification method with the latest available sentinel-2 satellite data. Groundwater potential zones were delineated using remote sensing, GIS and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques with nine thematic layers. The selected nine parameters have been ranked on the basis of Satty's Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). Different influencing features for the delineation of potential groundwater areas are considered for AHP based weighted overlay analysis. Estimation of Rainfall-Runoff for thirteen sub-watersheds is done individually for the growing season (June-October) using SCS-CN method in ArcGIS 10.5. Therefore, a map showing different type of structures to be constructed at different locations has been prepared to boost groundwater conditions to fulfill the shortage of water resources in agriculture and the area's domestic use.
The study shows that the Mand catchment is elongated with lower peak yet prolonged peak flow. It has a strong relief and a steep slope to the ground. The total number of streams in the catchment is 20203 with a total length of 11,651.15 kilometres. The highest recorded elevation in the catchment is 1147 m above MSL and the lowest point is 187 m above MSL. The stream order ranges from first to fourth order representing drainage of the dendritic type and it reflects the steeply dipping rock strata. Watershed covers atmost regions of agricultural land, fallow land and scrub land. Runoff layers are created individually for the growing season months (June-October) using rainfall layers and potential infiltration layers generated using curve number (CN) layers in the GIS platform. Potential zones of groundwater are classified into four zones i.e., low, low to medium, medium to high, and very high. The appropriate structures to be constructed for recharging and storage in the low and low to medium groundwater potential zones were considered to be percolation tanks, check dams, and farm ponds, their respective location numbers were found to be 36, 39 and 21 respectively. The calculated subsurface storage volume can accommodate the estimated runoff and thus it will enhance the groundwater level in the low and low to medium groundwater potential zones. GIS can provide a efficient and effective platform for convergent analysis of these diverse data sets for groundwater management and planning.
Description
WATER CONSERVATION PLAN BASED ON GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL OF MAND CATCHMENT IN MAHANADI BASIN