Genetic variability and divergence studies for grain yield and its components in grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp)

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Date
2020
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Genetic variability and divergence studies for grain yield and its components in grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp)” was managed at “Research cum Instructional Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Chhattisgarh)” during Rabi 2017-18. The material was used in the research work comprises 26 genotypes of grain amaranth including 3 standard checks (CG Rajgira 1, RMA 7 and Suvarna). Analysis of variance disclosed that significant differences exist for all the traits taken under study from grain amaranth genotypes. It indicates that there is presence of sufficent amount of variation among the grain amaranth for grain yield and its contributing traits. The “highest magnitude of the genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for harvest index, stem girth, grain yield per plant, dry weight of panicles, dry weight of leaves, biological yield/plant and dry weight of stem”. The heritability came out to be significant for the chracters like days to maturity, harvest index, dry weight of panicles, biological yield/plant, panicle length, grain yield per plant, dry weight of stem, plant height, days to 50 % flowering and 1000 grain weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was found for characters viz., “harvest index, grain yield per plant, dry weight of panicles, panicle length, days to maturity, biological yield/plant, plant height and dry weight of stem”. This shows that certain chracters are influenced by additive gene action and selection will be rewarded for improving such traits. Association analysis showed that significant and positive correlation of grain yield per plant with panicle length, dry weight of leaves, dry weight of panicles, biological yield/plant and plant height which showed selection indirect manner for those characters may be rewarded for selection of high yielding genotypes in grain amaranth. Path coefficient analysis showed that “panicles dry weight disclosed maximum direct effect on grain yield per plant, dry weight of stem, dry weight of leaves, days to maturity, days to 50 % flowering, plant height and panicle length, whereas, biological yield/plant, stem girth, panicle width, 1000 grain weight and harvest index showed negative but significant direct effect on grain yield per plant”. Based on the results of divergence analysis 26 genotypes were grouped in clusters of five. A higher number of the genotypes were there in cluster III which have 11 genotypes. The maximum intracluster distance was observed in clusters IV inter-cluster distance came out to be highest in between II and V which shows the prevalence of high variability and high heterotic effect between them. A significant amount of percent contribution of characters towards genetic divergence was given by biological yield/plant, plant height, dry weight of stem, days to maturity, dry weight of stem, panicle length and days to 50 % flowering. Considering significance of genetic distance and relative contribution of traits towards total divergence, parental lines should be selected from cluster II and from V to achieve desired segregants.
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Genetic variability and divergence studies for grain yield and its components in grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp)
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