LONG TERM EFFECTS OF RICE ESTABLISHMENT METHODS ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND RICE PRODUCTIVITY IN VERTISOLS OF CHHATTISGARH PLAIN
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Date
2020
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
The present study was carried out during 2016-17 at village Saida, Takhatpur Tehsil in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh to evaluate the “Long term effects of rice establishment methods on soil properties and rice productivity in vertisols of Chhattisgarh plain”. The trial was laidout in Randomized block design with twelve replication and three treatments inrice based cropping system in Vertisols. The study on the long term effect of rice establishment methods on soil physical, chemical, biological properties and crop productivity were evaluated after harvest of rice crop. In this study, three rice establishment methods i.e. transplanting, broadcast-biasi and direct seeded line sowing were laidin main treatment.
A study was undertaken to characterize the soil resources of the investigation field. All ninesoil profile was identified, described and sampled for morphological, physical and chemical properties. All the pedons were classified under the order of Vertisols with presence of high clay content, wide cracks, intersecting slicken sides and appear as greyish brown to yellow brownish black in colour. The soils of all pedons were clayey in texture. The structureswere sub angular blocky and moderate, medium, sub angular in structure in surface and sub surface horizons. The bulk density, soil pHand clay content increased as depth increased. The Electrical conductivity of pedons showed irregular trend in all depths. Macro and micro nutrients,hydraulic conductivity, per cent of organic carbon and sand content decreased with depth. The soils were neutral to slightly alkali in nature in all pedons. The available N, P and K were low, medium and high in statusrespectively.
The residual effect of rice establishment methods on soil physical properties like bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, penetration resistance, water holding capacity and crack volume were significantly affected by the treatments. Under transplanting method significantly increased the bulk density of surface soil (0-15 cm) and sub surface layer i.e. (15-30 and 30-45 cm) but non significant affect was obtained at 45-60 cm depth. The maximum hydraulic conductivity was found in surface layer under direct seeded method and as depth increases hydraulic conductivity decreased. Penetration resistance was recorded significantly increase with depth. Water holding capacity was significantly increased with direct seeded (LS) method and minimum WHC was recorded in transplanting method. Crack volume was significantly higher in transplanting method over other treatments. The available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur content were significantly higher in surface layer (0-20 cm) with transplanting method over other treatments however sub surface layer (20-40 cm) was non significantly increases with transplanting method but also obtained nutrient content decreases in than surface layer. Micro nutrient content in surface layer (0-20 cm) was higher than sub surface layer and non significantly increases with transplanting method. Biological parameters i.e. Urease Activity (μg urea g-1 dry soil hour-1), Microbial biomass carbon (mg kg-1) and Microbial biomass nitrogen (mg g-1) were significantly increased with direct seeded treatment than broadcast-biasi and transplanting method respectively. The carbon dioxide evaluation (mg 100 g-1 soil) was significantly higher with direct seeded treatment than broadcast-biasi and transplanting method respectively.Higher grain and straw yield were significantly increased with transplanting methods over other treatments. The macro nutrient (NPK) uptake were significantly higher with transplanting method than other treatments.
Description
LONG TERM EFFECTS OF RICE ESTABLISHMENT METHODS ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND RICE PRODUCTIVITY IN VERTISOLS OF CHHATTISGARH PLAIN
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