LAND EVALUATION FOR PADDY AND SOYBEAN BASED CROPPING SYSTEM USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUE: A CASE STUDY OF BEMETARA BLOCK, BEMETARA DISTRICT, CHHATTISGARH
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Date
2020
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
Rice and soybean are the two important crops of India and the state of Chhattisgarh suffer from low productivity due to the blanket and uniform pattern of package and practices, leading to increased extent and severity of degradation. These call for to develop a package of programme on site specific mode to address the issue. A large scale database on 1:10000 scales is prerequisite. The present study is aimed to characterize and classify soils of rice and soybean production system in a part of Bemetara district, representing black soils in Mahanadi basin of eastern plateau and to evaluate the soils for other alternate options.
Landform delineation was done on 1:10000 scale using sentinel 2A data of 10 meter resolution and ALOS digital elevation model of 12.5 meter resolution data. Four types of landforms were delineated namely very gently and gently sloping upland, gently sloping midland and low land and gently sloping flood plains. NDVI based decision rule has been designed for defining and delineating the area under crops and cropping system. The results indicated that rice was found to be the major crop covering 55% of the net sown area. The other 45% area was covered with soybean as dominant crop. Accuracy assessment was carried out and Kappa statistics was applied indicating good agreement with our findings.
Landform- cropping system relationship was studied and the results indicated that upland, midland and low land were dominated by rice-wheat cropping system whereas the flood plains were dominated by soybean based cropping. Landscape ecological units (LEUs) were defined by integrating slope, land use and landforms and further attached with physiography, sub-physiography and broad landform for understanding the genesis of soils. LEUs were defined as gently and very gently sloping upland with double crop in rice based cropping system. LEU wise sixteen soil profiles were studied. Typifying pedons were identified and classified. LEUs- Soil relationships were analyzed and based on the relationship soil maps were prepared with soil series and their phases.
The soils of rice based cropping system showed very dark greyish colour, profuse cracks in summers, wedge shaped soil structure and slickensides with high clay content and clay : CEC around 90 to 100 cmol (p+) kg-1, signifying smectite type of clay minerals. These were grouped with Bemetara series and were classified as Fine smetitic (cal.) hyperthermic family of Typic Haplusterts. Soils of soybean based cropping system, the surficial feature to the depth of 50 cm was similar to the soils noted under rice based cropping system. Below 50 cm, there were variations in colour with chroma and value of 4 in 10 YR hue and change of soil texture from clay to silty clay loam and sometimes sandy clay loam. Further sub-surface drainage of the soils also been noted well or somewhat excessive and these were grouped as Surahi series. These were classified as Fine over fine loamy mixed hyperthermic family of Fluventic Haplustepts. Probably better drainage condition is one of the reasons for wide spread of soybean crop in the flood plains, while restricted drainage condition in the upland, low land and mid land favored the wide occurrence of rice. Thus the soils of the study area were mapped into five phases of two soil series.
The organic carbon content of the soils varied from 0.4 to 0.75%. Majority of the samples were moderate to high in organic carbon. The available N, P, K, and S varied from 113 to 226, 5.56 to 22.4, 243 to 508 and 6 to 26 kg ha-1 with mean of 159.6, 10.32, 350.35 and 18 kg ha-1, respectively. Majority of the samples were low for nitrogen and low to medium in phosphorous and sulphur, and medium to high in potassium. The DTPA extractable Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn varied from 5.0 to 13.54, 3 to 10.2, 0.24 to 3.0, and 0.32 to 0.82 ppm with mean of 8.4ppm, 5.9, 1.29, and 0.5 ppm, respectively. pH, S, Zn, and Cu were higher in the rice based cropping systems, whereas, the other parameters were higher in soybean based cropping systems.The sulphur content was found to be lower in the entire study area with slightly higher values in midland and lowland. Zinc was found low in the entire area. The iron was found to be high in the flood plains and medium in the upland, midland, and lowland. The copper and manganese were high in the study area.
The study concludes, NDVI based decision rule is sound enough to delineate the crop, cropping sequence and their spatial distribution. The study further concludes that landscape ecological unit (LEU) based soils survey using high resolution remote sensing data and digital elevation model are equally effective to that of undulating land for soil resource mapping in alluvial plains. The study further noted the possibility of growing other promising crops like sugarcane and mustard in the alluvial upland, alluvial midland and alluvial lowland and other replacement crop like gram with supplementary irrigation and sesame in the flood plains.
Description
LAND EVALUATION FOR PADDY AND SOYBEAN BASED CROPPING SYSTEM USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUE: A CASE STUDY OF BEMETARA BLOCK, BEMETARA DISTRICT, CHHATTISGARH
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