COMBINING ABILITY FOR YIELD, COLD, HEAT AND GRAIN QUALITY IMPPROVEMENT IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

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Date
2019
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food for over half of the world’s population.”Population is growing at an alarming rate; so there is a need or challenge to meet the demand of rice with decreasing cultivation area and changing climatic condition. Rice cultivation has gradually changed in single season from double season, because the flowering phase of summer season rice occurs at the period with the high temperature stress that negatively affect the grain yield. Summer rice faces adverse climate condition in growth period i.e. low temperature during germination period and high temperature during flowering period. The low temperatures which occurs during the germination period, leads to delayed and lower percentage of germination and suppress the normal growth of seedlings. High temperature at flowering stage leads to lower spikelet fertility, low grain weight per panicle and low grain yield per plant. In quality traits, high temperature at flowering stage leads to breakage of grains during milling and drastically reducing the head rice recovery. Therefore, farmers are not interested in summer rice cultivation. Thus there is need to develope high yielding, early medium duration varieties with high head rice recovery. Eighty seven rice genotypes were evaluated during Summer-2017 under managed field condition. On the basis of pollen fertility, spikelet fertility and grain yield per plant, thirty seven rice genotypes were selected and evaluated for cold, heat and quality parameters in Summer-2018. For combining ability analysis selected eight lines with four testers were crossed in Line x Tester mating design. Stability analysis was done by Eberhart and Russell model (1966) in selected thirty seven genotypes at three different dates of sowing on Summer-2018. Out of thirty seven, twelve rice genotypes were used for expression analysis of small heat shock proteins (sHSPs). Among the eighty seven genotypes, the analysis of variance showed a wide range of variation, indicating the presence of sufficient amount of variability and possibility of manipulating these variations for rice improvement. The high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean were reported for days to fifty percent flowering, flag leaf area, total grains per panicle, filled grain per panicle, 100 grain weight, spikelet fertility, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, effective tillers per plant, plant height, tillers per plant and harvest index, it indicates that these traits are under the influence of additive gene action with least environment influence. Grain yield per plant exhibited positive and highly positive significant correlation with biological yield per plant, filled grain per panicle, tillers per plant, effective tillers per plant, total grains per panicle, spikelet fertility and harvest index. On the basis of cold tolerance screening eight genotypes viz., RJR:II , Banspatri, Ganga dhan, Tewan dhan, Digamber dhan, Barhasaal, Indira Barani Dhan-1 and Inbira Aerobic-1 and through heat tolerance screening thirteen genotypes viz., Dadbko, NPT 6, Gangtai, RJR:II, Ganga kali, NPT 19, NPT 6, Bega hundi, Kolhin khosa, Bega hundi, Ganga dhan, Safed Lalak and Ajam dhan were identified as cold and heat tolerant genotypes, respectively. Among these selected genotypes, three genotypes RJR:II, Banspatri and Ganga Kali identified as tolerance for both heat and cold stress. In combining ability analysis three lines Ganga kali, Ajam dhan, Bega hundi, and one tester Indira Barani Dhan 1 for grain yield per plant and for head rice recovery two lines Ajam dhan and Safed Lalak, two testers IR 64 and MTU 1010, identified as good general combiner. Among the thirty two crosses eight crosses viz. Bega hundi X Indira Barani Dhan 1, Ajam dhan X Indira Barani Dhan 1, Ganga kali X Indira Aerobic 1, RJR:II X IR-64, Banspatri X MTU 1010 were Safed Lalak X IR-64, NPT 19 X MTU 1010, NPT 6 X MTU 1010 showed highly positive significant and desirable sca effects for grain yield per plant. Therefore, these hybrids are recommended for heterosis breeding. The four crosses viz., RJR:II X Indira Barani Dhan 1, Banspatri X IR 64, Banspatri X MTU 1010 and NPT 6 X Indira Barani Dhan 1 showed highly positive significant sca effects for hulling, milling and head rice recovery. Banspatri X MTU 1010 showed positive and significant sca effects for grain yield per plant, hulling, milling and head rice recovery. Four cross combinations Ganga kali X IR 64, Ganga kali X Indira Aerobic 1, Ajam dhan X Indira Barani Dhan 1, Bega hundi and X Indira Barani Dhan 1 showed superior over better parent and check variety for grain yield per plant. On the basis of stability analysis at three different dates Ajawain and Khurbal for early flowering, Indira Barani Dhan 1 for the plant height and Barhasal for the grain yield per plant found to be stable over the environment. For expression analysis at flowering stage the three genotypes RJR:II, Ganga dhan, and Ajam dhan in most of the genes showed upregulation, when compare to tolerant and susceptible checks. So, these genotypes indicated as the tolerant in heat stress condition.
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COMBINING ABILITY FOR YIELD, COLD, HEAT AND GRAIN QUALITY IMPPROVEMENT IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
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