Agricultural Development and Food Security In India and Nigeria: a Comparative Economic Analysis
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Date
2016-06
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University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad
Abstract
The study aimed at comparing the agricultural development and food security between India and Nigeria. The mean GDP of India was seven times higher than that of Nigeria while GDP per capita of Nigeria was statistically higher to that of India. Service sector contributes highest to GDP but in Nigeria it was agriculture. The average productivity of major agricultural crops in India was averagely higher in India except in sorghum, millet, groundnut, coffee and cotton. There was a declining growth trend of cattle and camel population in India while in Nigeria the declined growth trend was in sheep and goat during the study period. Decomposition analysis in India indicated a productivity-led growth of cereals, area-led growth in pulses, fruits and non-food crops while in Nigeria there was a productivity-led growth in non-food, and an area-led growth in cereals, vegetables and oilseed crops, respectively. The food demand and supply gap in projection reveals that India would be in a surplus of all food commodity group(s) in the year 2020, 2025 and 2030 except in sorghum, pulses and oilseeds while Nigeria would be in surplus of maize, sorghum and fruits in the year 2020 and pulses in the year 2020, 2025 and 2030 respectively. Engel curve identifies similarity in consumption expenditure on food item in both the two countries. Meat, fish, beverages and fruits were revealed as superior food items in India and in Nigeria milk and milk products are superior food items. Food security multi- dimensional index places India at 60.76 per cent and Nigeria at 54.60 per cent improvement on food security.
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