Determinants of entrepreneurship development in beekeeping : case studies of Punjab
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Date
2019
Authors
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Publisher
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present study was undertaken with the objectives to study the socio-economic and
psychological traits, institutional framework, impact of family capital and social capital on
beekeeping, document marketing strategies and innovations used by beekeepers, identify
challenges in exploiting innovative opportunities and identify major problems being faced by the
beekeepers. Study was conducted in 22 districts of Punjab state. A total of 44 progressive
beekeepers were selected using proportional probability sampling and case study design for the
study. Data were collected by personal interview method. It was found that 47.73 per cent of the
respondents belonged to middle age (44-55) and most of them were educated up to senior
secondary with operational land holding more than 10 acres. Respondents had high level of mass
media exposure. Hort. Dept. and PAU scientists were major formal sources of information. Nearly
60.00 of the respondents had high level of achievement motivation and half were moderate
internal risk takers. Respondents had rational decision-making style. Nearly one third of the
respondents had balanced locus of control and 60.00 per cent of farmers were having high level of
innovativeness. Commercial banks were the first preferred economic institutional support by the
Respondents. Majority of the respondents preferred “PAU or KVKs” For capacity building
through training. In case of standardization and certification of honey, respondents were registered
under the AGMARK. Nearly one third of the Respondents preferred NAFED/ MARKFED for
regulating market quality, supply and price of honey and honey products. For social support
respondents preferred family. Family capital and social capital both had positive impact on up
scaled beekeeping enterprise. For maintenance of good quality of honey, nearly 66.00 per cent of
respondents avoided the use of restricted chemicals as well as keeping honey in air tight
containers. About two third of the respondents were practicing direct marketing of honey and
honey products. Nearly 61.36 per cent of the respondents had sold honey directly to wholesaler/
through distributors. Very few (13.64%) respondents exported honey through APEDA. The
challenges faced by the respondents which had a key role of exploiting innovative opportunities
were seeking financial support for the enterprise followed by looking market for quality bee
products, convincing/ satisfying consumers for quality and search of bee flora in other states as
well as meeting standard of quality of trade the major challenges. The major problems were lack
of bee flora in the Punjab state followed by too much use of agrochemicals, lack of insurances
policy, accidental or any other major loss and burning of crop residue.
Description
Entrepreneurship, Beekeeping, Socio-economic and Psychological traits, Institutional
Framework, Family Capital, Social Capital, Marketing Strategies, Innovations
Keywords
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