OPTIMIZATION OF SOWING TIME AND NITROGEN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY IN GARDEN PEA (Pisum sativum var. hortense L.)
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Date
2019
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DIVISION OF VEGETABLE SCIENCE ICAR-INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE NEW DELHI
Abstract
The present research investigation entitled “Optimization of Sowing Time and
Nitrogen Management Practices for Growth, Seed Yield and Quality in Garden
pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense L.)” was carried out at Division of Vegetable
Science, ICAR- IARI, New Delhi. The experiment consisted of three dates of sowing
(D) and nine treatments of nitrogen management practices (N) which was carried out
in garden pea variety Pusa Prabal in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD)
with three replications. The plant height had shown increasing trend at different stages
of crop growth irrespective of date of sowing and it is recorded highest in D3 at 40
(28.63cm), 60 (39.04 cm), 80 (49.22cm), and 100 (59.32cm) DAS. The number of
leaves per plant was observed highest in D2 in different crop growth stage among the
date of sowing. D3 recorded maximum nodule count per plant in all stages of crop
growth followed by D2 and D1. Significantly higher root volume was recorded in D3
at 40 (1.22 cm3), 60 (2.16 cm3), 80 (3.92cm3) and 100 (4.16cm3) DAS followed by D2
with minimum in D1. Shoot dry weight was higher in D2 at 40 (2.84g) and 60 (3.24g)
DAS whereas, D3 had shown higher shoot dry weight at 80 (12.26g) and 100
(13.09g). In root dry weight, D3 at 40 (0.22g), 60 (0.40g), 80 (0.72g) and 100 (1.05g)
was observed highest in all stages of crop growth as compared to D2 while D1
exhibited minimum root dry weight. Lower days to 50 percent flowering was
recorded in D1 (45.11) and D2&D3 was significantly at par. Similar trend were
exhibited for days to marketable pod among the date of sowing. The number of pod
per plant was significantly higher in D3 (30.2) followed by D2 (28.2) with minimum
in D1 (19.2). The pod length was significantly higher in D2 (9.55) while it was at par
in D1 and D3. Significantly higher number of pod per plant i.e. 6.69 was recorded in
D2 followed by D3 (6.64). For seed yield D3 (20.64q/ha) observed significantly
higher followed by D2 (18.04q/ha) whereas seed recovery percentage was also
significantly higher in D3 (92.39%) and at par with D2 (90.62%) and lower recovery
in D1 (79.67). Seedling length was not affected by date of sowing, however, seedling
dry weight was recorded maximum in D2 (0.190mg). Vigour index I was numerically
higher in D1 (2292) but at par with D2 (2246). Vigour index II was significantly
higher in D2 (1825) followed by D3 (1693).The electrical conductivity was lower in
D3 (3.60μ mhos cmˉ1gˉ1) but at par with D2 (3.43) which indicate the superiority of
seed lot produced by D3 and D2 as compared to D1 (5.40). The organic carbon
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content in soil has increased from 0.75 to 0.84 in D2 and 0.81 in D3 which has
indicated that the garden pea can help in improvise the soil organic carbon along with
the higher seed yield and quality. The plant height at 40(24.39cm) and 60(34.28cm)
DAS was significantly higher in N6 whereas, non significant difference for plant
height was recorded at 80 and 100 DAS. The number of leaves per plant was higher in
N3 whereas, N1 was noted for higher number of leaves as compared to other
treatments. The N2 and N6 showed significantly higher number of nodule count
among different nitrogen treatments. Significantly higher root volume was recorded
in N1 at 40 DAS (0.95 cm3), N0 at 60 DAS (1.61 cm3) and N6 at 80(3.01cm3) and at
100 DAS (3.63cm3). Shoot dry weight has shown variable response at different stages
of crop growth among the nitrogen management treatments. The 50 % flowering took
more time in N6 (59.62) as compared to other treatment whereas less number of time
taken by N0 (62) for marketable pod stage. Number of pod per plant and number of
seed per pod, seed yield per hectare and seed recovery percentage was not affected by
nitrogen management treatment whereas, significantly higher pod length was noted in
N3(9.02cm). Out of the nine treatments studied N3 recorded highest dry weight
(0.2045mg) and vigour index II (1830), N2 showed highest vigour index I (2218) and
minimum electrical conductivity (3.74μ mhos cmˉ1gˉ1) was noted in N1 whereas non
significant difference was recorded for seedling length and organic carbon content
among the nitrogen management treatments. The interaction among the date of
sowing and nitrogen management treatments was significant for majority of
characters except number of pod per plant and seedling length. The seed higher seed
yield with better seed quality could be obtained from D3 with N3 treatment. Thus,
based upon experimental findings it is concluded that the seed crop of garden pea
cultivar Pusa Prabal should be sown between 9th November to 24th November with
recommended dose of nitrogen @ 20kg/ha along with foliar spray of urea @1% @ 40
DAS (N3) to obtained higher seed yield of 21.91q/h with better seed quality traits.
The highest B:C ratio obtained from D3 sowing with seed treatment of rhizobium and
foliar spray of 1% urea.
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Keywords:Garden pea, Sowing time, Nitrogen management practices,Seed yield,Seed
quality,
Description
T=10249
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