SCREENING AND PHYSIO-MORPHO CHARACTERISTICS OF TOMATO GENOTYPES AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT THROUGH NON-CHEMICAL APPROACHES
Loading...
Date
2019
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
The “present investigation” “Screening and physio-morpho characteristics of tomato genotypes against major insect pests and their management through non-chemical approaches” “was conducted during rabi season of year 2016-17” and 2017-18 at Horticulture “Research cum instructional farm of vegetable science, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (IGKV), Raipur”, Chhattisgarh.
In the screening trial, 19 tomato genotypes were screened against the major pests “aphid (Aphis gossypii), whitefly (Bemisiatabaci), leaf miner (Liriomyzatrifolii)” and fruit borer (Helicoverpaarmigera), per cent fruit damage and yield (q ha-1) showed significant differences among different tomato genotypes. The minimum population of aphid (1.23 aphid 3 leaf-1plant-1) recorded under genotype 2016/TODVAR-02, whitefly (1.31 whitefly 3 leaf-1plant-1) and leaf miner infestation (4.73 infested leaves 6 leaves-1plant-1) under genotype 2016/TODVAR-11 and fruit borer larvae (1.22 larvae plant-1) and weight basis (5.04 q ha-1) under genotype 2015/TOINDVAR-01 and fruit borer infestation per cent (7.35 plant-1) under genotype 2016/TODVAR-11.
The overall yield of different genotypes of tomato ranged from 191.23 to 475.75 q ha-1. The maximum yield was recorded from Arkavikash (475.75 q ha-1) and minimum yield was recorded from genotype 2016/TODVAR-01 (191.23 q ha-1) during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively.
Tomato crop was infested by 8 insect “pests viz., aphid (Aphis gossypii), whitefly (Bemisiatabaci)”, jassid (Amrascadevastans), mealy bug (Phenacoccussolenopsis), thrips (Scirtothripsdorsolis), leaf miner (Liriomyzatrifolii), tomato pin worm (Tutaabsoluta)and fruit borer (Helicoverpaarmigera). The period of maximum activity of whitefly was noted at 3rd SMW (5.56 adult 3 leaf-1 plant-1) and at 5th SMW (4.62 adult 3 leaf-1 plant-1). The period of maximum activity of aphid was noted at 6th SMW (13.75 adult 3 leaf-1 plant-1) and 4th SMW (15.20 adult 3 leaf-1 plant-1). The period of maximum activity of jassid was observed at 5th SMW (3.35 adult 3 leaf-1 plant-1) and at 6th SMW (2.76 adult 3 leaf-1 plant-1). The maximum population of mealy bug was observed at 8th SMW (1.6 adult 3 leaf-1 plant-1) and at 7th SMW (1.5 adult 3 leaf-1 plant-1). The maximum population of thripswere observed during 7th SMW (2.16 thrips 3 leaf-1 plant-1) and at 7th SMW (2.09 thrips 3 leaf-1 plant-1). The maximum population of fruit borer was noted at 10th SMW (5.29 larvae plant-1) and at 9th SMW (4.75 larvae plant-1). The maximum leaf infestation per cent of leaf miner was observed during 9th SMW (56.70 leaf damage plant-1) and at 8th SMW (51.60 leaf damage plant-1). The maximum infestation of tomato pin wormwere observed at 8th SMW (6.42 live mine plant-1) and at 6th SMW (4.03 live mine plant-1) during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively.
The maximum population of mirid bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis were observed at 3rd SMW (3.5 adult plant-1) and at 4th SMW (3.4 adult plant-1). The maximum population of spider were observed at 6th SMW (0.36 adult plant-1) and at 3rd SMW (0.33 adult plant-1). The maximum population of lady bird beetle were noted during 7th SMW (0.20 adult plant-1) and at 7th SMW (0.80 adult plant-1).
The fruit borer and leaf miner had highly positive significant with “maximum temperature, minimum temperature and wind” velocity and morning relative humidity showed highly negative significant correlation. Whitefly showed highly negative significant “with maximum temperature and minimum temperature. Whitefly”, aphid, mealy bug and tomato pin worm had shown “negative correlation with evening relative humidity”. Aphid, jassids, mealy bug, tomato pin worm and thrips shown non-“significant positive correlation with” rainfall and sunshine hours with population build up.
The morphological parameter viz., fruit diameter, fruit shape index, pericarp thickness with ‘r’ value -0.28, -0.43 and -0.35 were shown negative non-significant impact for fruit borer but stem diameter and fruit length showed negative significant with ‘r’ value -0.44* and -0.48*. Whereas, number of locules and trichome density showed positive significant with ‘r’ value 0.52* and 0.54* for fruit borer. Plant heights, with ‘r’ value 0.33 were shown positive non-significant impact for fruit borer.
Among the phyto extracts were evaluated for the control of aphid, Aphis gossypii in a field conditions during rabi, 2016-17 and 2017-18 at 1st spray, 2nd spray and 3rd spray. Among the different treatments of phyto extracts, significantly lower aphids population observed under treatment Profenofos 40%+ Cypermethrin 4% EC (4.39 aphid 3 leaf-1 plant-1) which was followed by NSKE 5%(5.35 aphid 3 leaf-1 plant-1), Neem oil 2% (6.18 aphid 3 leaf-1 plant-1) and Tobacco leaf extract 5% (6.21 aphid 3 leaf-1 plant-1) than others treatments .Whereas, significantly higher aphids population was noted under the untreated control treatments (13.98 aphid 3 leaf-1 plant-1) during rabi, 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively .
Among the phyto extracts were evaluated for the control of whitefly, Bemisiatabaci in a field conditions during rabi, 2016-17 and 2017-18 at 1st spray, 2nd spray and 3rd spray. Among the different treatments of phyto extracts, significantly lower whitefly population observed under treatment Profenofos 40%+ Cypermethrin 4% EC (2.71 whitefly 3 leaf-1 plant-1) which was followed by NSKE 5%(3.69 whitefly 3 leaf-1 plant-1), Neem oil 2% (4.20 whitefly 3 leaf-1 plant-1) and Tobacco leaf extract 5% (4.31 whitefly 3 leaf-1 plant-1) than others treatments .Whereas, significantly higher whitefly population was noted under the untreated control treatments (9.38 whitefly 3 leaf-1 plant-1) during rabi, 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively .
Among the phyto extracts were evaluated for the control of leaf miner, Liriomyzatrifolii in a field conditions during rabi, 2016-17 and 2017-18 at 1st spray, 2nd spray and 3rd spray. Among the different treatments of phyto extracts, significantly lower leaf miner infestation observed under treatment Profenofos 40%+ Cypermethrin 4% EC (14.63 per cent 3 leaf-1 plant-1) which was followed by NSKE 5%(16.50 per cent 3 leaf-1 plant-1), Neem oil 2% (17.22 per cent 3 leaf-1 plant-1) and Tobacco leaf extract 5% (19.15 per cent 3 leaf-1 plant-1) than others treatments .Whereas, significantly higher leaf infestation was noted under the untreated control treatments (35.49 per cent 3 leaf-1plant-1) during rabi, 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively .
Among the phyto extracts were evaluated for the control of fruit borer larvae, Helicoverpaarmigera in a field conditions during rabi, 2016-17 and 2017-18 at 2nd and 3rd spray. Among the different treatments of phyto extracts, significantly lower fruit borer population observed under treatment Profenofos 40%+ Cypermethrin 4% EC (1.31 larvae plant-1) which was followed by NSKE 5%(1.71 larvae plant-1), Neem oil 2% (2.06 larvae plant-1) and Tobacco leaf extract 5% (2.35 larvae plant-1) than others treatments .Whereas significantly higher larvae was noted under the untreated control treatments (5.29 larvae/ plant) during rabi, 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively .
In the management study Profenofos 40%+ Cypermethrin 4% EC, NSKE 5% and Neem oil 2% proved to be better treatments with respect to gave maximum number of healthy fruits (i.e. 1848.60, 1805.62 and 1789.28), lower per cent of fruit damage (i.e.2.64%, 3.85% and 4.48%)and higher yield over all yield (i.e. 406.67, 390.62 and 379.80 q ha-1) as compared to other treatments. The per cent avoidable losses were also higher in these cases i.e. 24.80, 21.75 and 19.52 per cent respectively.
Description
SCREENING AND PHYSIO-MORPHO CHARACTERISTICS OF TOMATO GENOTYPES AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT THROUGH NON-CHEMICAL APPROACHES