Identification and characterization of salt tolerant genotypes and salt tolerant gene in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
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Date
2020
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted at vegetable research farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana for “Identification and characterization of salt tolerant genotypes and salt tolerant gene in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)” during the year 2016-18. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four salinity levels (control, 2 dS/m, 4 dS/m and 6 dS/m) as main factor and 102 genotypes of brinjal as sub main factor. The desired levels of salinity were induced using sodium chloride, magnesium sulphate and calcium chloride in ratio 2:1:1 in field as well as in pot study. These genotypes were categorised as 19 genotypes under tolerant, 39 as semi-tolerant and 44 were susceptible to salinity on the basis of nursery and morphological screening trials. Tolerant genotypes were further evaluated for physico-chemicals characters. It has been observed from the investigation that plant growth and fruit characters of brinjal i.e. plant height, leaf area, root fresh and root dry weight; number of fruits per plant, fruit yield decreased as the salinity level increased. The results showed that brinjal genotypes SL-8-PB-1-3-1-4 followed by KBSR-343-1 and BL-215 performed better upto 4 dS/m levels of salinity with a slight decline in yield traits, while at 6 dS/m yield reduction was high, which was 12%, 28% and 28.5% respectively as compared to control. The total chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments of brinjal leaves decreased as the salinity level increased. Whereas, proline, protein, phenols and MDA content increased as the salinity level increased with maximum increase in SL-8-PB-1-3-1-4 genotype. Brinjal genotype SL-8-PB-1-3-1-4, KBSR-343-1 and BL-215 performed better for germination and survival rate at all salinity levels. By using NCBI database, SOS-3 gene sequence for brinjal was identified. Designed primer was amplified and the resulted PCR product was sent to Europhin Company for identification of haplotypes in brinjal. In the present investigation, SL-8-PB-1-3-1-4 (Small Long), KBSR-343-1 (Small round) and BL-215 (Long) emerged as ideal genotypes for growing under high salinity in field as well as pot conditions. Quality of these genotypes found least affected under salt stress. Thus, three brinjal genotypes (SL-8-PB-1-3-1-4 (Small Long), KBSR-343-1 (Small round) and BL-215 (Long)) may be recommended for future studies in salt affected area of Punjab.