Long term effect of crop residue management on productivity and nitrogen requirement of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in rice-wheat cropping system under varied nitrogen levels
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Date
2020
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Long term effect of crop residue management on
productivity and nitrogen requirement of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in rice-wheat cropping system
under varied nitrogen levels” was conducted at Students’ Research Farm, Department of Agronomy,
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19. The soil of the
experimental field was sandy loam in texture, normal in reaction and electrical conductivity, medium in
organic carbon and available nitrogen and high in available phosphorous and potassium. The
experiment comprised of nine crop residue management practices in main-plots and three nitrogen
levels in sub-plots was conducted in split plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments
consisted of Transplanted paddy after removing of wheat straw followed by Zero tillage sowing of
wheat after removing paddy straw (TPR-R-ZTW-R), Transplanted paddy after removing wheat straw-
Zero tillage sowing of wheat with paddy straw (TPR-R-ZTW+R), Transplanted paddy after removing
wheat straw-Conventional tillage sowing of wheat after removing paddy straw (TPR-R-CTW-R),
Transplanted paddy after removing wheat straw-Conventional tillage sowing of wheat with paddy
straw (TPR-R-CTW+R), Transplanted paddy with wheat straw-Zero tillage sowing of wheat with paddy
straw (TPR+R-ZTW+R), Direct seeded paddy in zero tillage after removing wheat straw-Zero tillage
sowing of wheat after removing paddy straw (ZDSR-R-ZTW-R), Direct seeded paddy in zero tillage
after removing wheat straw-Zero tillage sowing of wheat with paddy straw (ZDSR-R-ZTW+R),
Transplanted paddy after removing wheat straw-Sowing of wheat with rotavator with paddy straw
(TPR-R-ZTRW+R) and Transplanted paddy after burning wheat straw-Zero tillage wheat after partial
burning of paddy straw (TPRBrn-ZTWPBrn). Sub-plots having three nitrogen levels viz., 100, 125 and
150 kg N ha-1. The results revealed that different crop residue management practices significantly
affected by the growth, development, yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake by crop. However,
nitrogen levels did not show any significant effect on these parameters. Chlorophyll content index was
significantly affected by different nitrogen levels except at 30 DAS. It increased as the nitrogen levels
increased and highest was recorded with 150 kg N ha-1 at all the crop growth stages, however various
crop residue management practices had no significant effect. Residue retention both in rice and wheat
increased grain yield of wheat by 12-15 and 9-14 per cent than residue removal and burning conditions
respectively. Rice residue retention in wheat crop with nitrogen @ 100 kg ha-1 gave statistically similar
grain yield as obtained with 125 and 150 kg N ha-1 and residue retention also improved soil health.
Paddy straw helped to increase the minimum temperature and decrease the maximum temperature of
soil up to emergence and at 30 DAS and also decreased the maximum temperature in succeeding crop
growth stages. Various crop residue management practices had significant effect on physical properties
of soil such as bulk density, infiltration rate and soil penetration resistance and also increased the
availability of soil nutrients, however, nitrogen levels did not influence the nutrient availability in soil.