VILLAGE LEVEL LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCTION UNDER THE INDUSTRIALIZATION SCENARIO

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Date
2007
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR
Abstract
An in depth assessment and analysis of two villages, one aji industrial area and the other an agrarian hamlet, was taken up. The effect of industrialization and pollution in village level livestock and poultry production and toxic heavy metals content as an indicator of pollution in water, soil, fodder and in biological samples were studied. Based on the observation and scientific validations, changes in livestock farming system and methodologies to alleviate the extent of pollution were sorted out. This study was conducted in Plachimada village - industrial area - in Perumatty Panchayat and in Nallepilly village- control area in Nallepilly Panchayat in Chittoor taluk in Palakkad district. A detailed survey of the existing husbandry systems was done in the selected study area using a schedule. Collection of samples of water, soil, fodder and biological samples milk, meat, egg, blood and dung samples were collected and examined from both industrial and control area. The samples were analyzed for presence of heavy metals like copper, cadmium, lead and arsenic by using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. A detailed survey was done among fifty farmers from the Plachimada (industrial area) and Nallepilly (control area) villages respectively. The farmers were interviewed with a schedule and the data was obtained. The socio-economic status of the farmers indicated that the middle aged persons were more involved in the agricultural and animal husbandry activities. Most of the farmers had an average monthly income per family of Rs. 2000 in the study area. Cultivation of crops and plantations were less in both industrial and control area. The study revealed that majority of the fanners possessed dairy cattle with major source bf income from livestock fanning in both these study areas. Economic viability of rearing cattle was better in control area than that of industrial area. Most of the farmers jsurveyed stayed very near to the industry in the industrial zone. The study revealed that nearness of the industry to the grazing lands may be affecting their livestock farnjing system. The presence of heavy metals cadmium and lead in drinking water and soil samples of industrial area was more than that of the control zone and the WHO (1995) recommendations. The presence of copper and cadmium in meat samples was higher whereas cadmium and lead in blood samples of the industrial more than that of the control zone and the permitted levels as recommendations. The level of copper, cadmium and lead in fodder, milk, egg and dung samples of the industrial area was found more than that of the control zone and the permitted levels as per the WHO recommendations. This study aimed also to find out the relationship between watej-, soil, plant and area was found per the WHO other biological ghly significant animal system. Correlation of fodder and blood heavy metals with samples was done in industrial area. Fodder lead showed a hi|; correlation with milk lead content. Correlation between fodder alsenic and milk arsenic concentration was also significant. Correlation between fodder cadmium with blood cadmium was significant. Correlation was observed between fodder lead with dung lead values. Correlation existed between blood copper with dung copper at a significant level. Similarly correlation of fodder and blood heavy metals with other biological samples was done in control area also. Blood and fodder cadmium was significant and positively correlated. Correlation of fodder lead with milk and dung lead were significant. Fodder arsenic and milk arsenic were significantly correlated. In blood the copper content of milk and dung showed a positive significant colrelation. The heavy metals lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury pollution arc of high environmental concern due to their toxici from industrial ty even at low concentrations. These metals may persist in the system for seveial days due to cumulative nature and may cause severe health effects in man and animals. Bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals, especially lead, cadmium and arsenic in milk, meat and in egg have evoked great concern during the recent years. Heavy metals contaminants may enter the animal system through pollution of air, water, soil, feed polluted by industrial sources. | hid contamination permi From the present study it was found that the industrial area water, soil, and fodder under observation. The heavy metal copper, cadmium and lead whereas arsenic was almost within the The biological samples milk, meat, egg, blood and dung collected frdi zone were also contaminated with copper, cadmium and lead when the control area samples. The level of heavy metals in the biolog industrial area was above the WHO permissible limits. Arsenic waj> the maximum permissible level in all the biological samples. It is also industrialization may add pollutants to the area thereby causing an livestock production systems and in turn to the human beings. recommendations may be suggested. contaminated was from ssible limits. m the industrial compared with ical samples of present within concluded that indirect effect on The following 1. Monitoring the level of pollution in water, soil, plants anjtl fodder crops, animals and in man in industrial zones at regular intervals. 2. Treatment of waste water and other discharges/effluents front industries with implementation of strict rules and regulations 3. Safe disposal of the discharges, effluents and waste materials from the industries and factories. Efficient waste management to be adapted. 4. To create awareness among farming community to adopt better management practices. 5. Encouragement of organic farming. 6. Recommendation of rearing indigenous animals and adoptjion of Mixed farming - system to improve economic status of farmers. 7. Phytoremediation may be done to decontaminate soil and watejr to reduce the soil heavy metal content. 8. Identify and growing of trees/ plants to reduce the level of jtoxic elements from the industrial zones.
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