COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PORCINE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE IN TERMINALLY SIRED AND PUREBRED PROGENIES UNDER DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS
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Date
2007
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the production performance of terminally
sired and purebred progenies under different management conditions. Twenty gilts
were selected from Large White Yorkshire and also each combination of Large
White Yorkshire x Landrace, Landrace x Desi and Large White Yorkshire x Desi .
After attaining maturity, they were bred to terminal sire (Duroc). Large White
Yorkshire was maintained as pure line. Litter performance of LWY and three breed
combinations viz., D x (LWY x LR), D x (LR x Desi) and D x (LWY x Desi) were
comparatively evaluated.
Twenty four weaned piglets were selected at random from each genetic
combination and they were divided into four groups having six animals in each
group. Piglets T1 were fed with concentrate feed and T2, T3 and T4 from each
genetic group were fed with left over food from hotels, restaurants, slaughter house
waste and waste available from agricultural fields. In addition to this, T3 group were
supplemented with inorganic minerals and T4 group were supplemented with
organic minerals @ one per cent level on dry matter basis from third month to ten
months of age.
The crossbreds viz., D x (LWY x Desi) and D x (LR x Desi) had highly
significant (P<0.01) difference in litter size at birth, litter weight at birth, birth
weight, litter size at weaning, litter weight at weaning and weaning weight compared
to LWY and D x (LWY x LR) pigs. There was no significant difference between
LWY and D x (LWY x LR) ; D x (LWY x Desi) and D x (LR x Desi) pigs in all
these litter traits.
There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in maximum and minimum
temperature and relative humidity between farm and field. There was no significant
difference (P>0.05) in mean rectal temperature, pulse and respiration rate between
treatments and genetic groups. Significant difference (P<0.01) were observed
between morning and afternoon pulse and respiratory rates irrespective of treatment
and genetic groups.
At the time of feeding, majority of the pigs in different treatments and genetic
groups showed eating greedily with drooling of saliva and ear biting, belly nosing
and tail biting very frequently. Quantity of faeces voided had a highly significant
(P<0.01) difference between treatment in all four genetic groups. LWY pigs voided
significantly lesser quantity of faeces than other genetic groups within the treatment.
Frequency of defaecation had no significant difference, between treatments and
genetic groups. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the faecal cortisol
level between the treatments and genetic groups of pigs.
The proximate composition (percentage) of pooled swill feed samples are
comparable to farm concentrate except ether extract (24.56; 6.05 and 4.13) which
was very higher in swill feed. Total ash content was higher in the farm concentrate
(10.91, 10.13; 6.61). Availability of minerals was higher in inorganic form compared
to organic form. Mineral assay revealed that chicken waste showed higher levels of
minerals followed by hotel waste and vegetable waste. There was no significant
difference between genetic groups within the treatment in serum mineral
concentration. The feeding system had highly significant (P<0.01) effect on the
mineral concentration. It was highest in T4 followed by T3 and T1 and least in T2. It
was comparable between T3 and T2.
There was no significant difference in monthly body weights (kg), body
measurements viz., body length, girth and height (cm), average daily weight gain and
average daily feed intake (g) of pigs between concentrate (Tl) and swill feeding
(T2). T4 significantly (P<0.01) better than other treatment groups. T3 was
significantly (P<0.01) better than T2 and Tl.
Crossbred pigs had significantly (P<0.01) higher monthly body weight, linear
body measurements, average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake than
LWY pigs within the treatment. Among the three crossbreds there was no significant
difference observed in monthly body weight, linear body measurements, average
daily gain and average daily feed intake except in concentrate feeding. In concentrate
feeding, D x (LWY x Desi) crossbred consumed significantly (P<0.01) less feed
than the other crossbred pigs.
There was significant (P<0.01) difference in feed efficiency between T1 and
T2. No significant difference was observed between T2, T3 and 14. There was no
significant difference between LWY and crossbred pigs within the treatment.
T4 attained significantly (P<0.01) higher slaughter weight (kg), hot carcass
weight (kg) and carcass length (cm) than the other treatment groups. T3 group
attained significantly (P<0.01) higher slaughter weight, hot carcass weight and
carcass length than the T2 and T1 treatment groups. No significant difference
between T1 and T2 was noticed.
T1 had significantly (P<0.01) higher dressing percentage than other treatment
groups. T1 had significantly (P<0.01) lesser back fat thickness. There was no
significant difference between T2, T3 and T4 in dressing percentage and back fat
thickness. T2 had significantly (P<0.01) lesser loin eye area and meat-bone ratio than
other treatment groups and there was no significant difference between T1 and T3
and T4. Gut weight was significantly (P<0.01) lesser in T1 than other treatment
groups. There was no significant difference between T2, T3 and T4.
There was significant (P<0.01) difference between LWY and crossbreds in
terms of slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, carcass length, back fat thickness and
loin eye area, within the treatment. There was no significant difference noticed
between dressing percentage, meat-bone ratio and gut weight within the treatment.
Cost of production per kg live weight on feed basis was high in T1 followed
by T4, T3 and T2. It was inferred that swill feed supplemented with minerals can
increase the profit margin provided a cheaper substitute for the organic minerals
presently available in the market is absolutely essential for the field fattener pig
production.
Swill feed was found to be equally effective compared to concentrate feed in
promoting growth of the fattener pig production existing under field conditions.
Growth performance and carcass characteristics can be improved by supplementation
of minerals in the diet of fattener pigs. Crossbred pigs excelled over pure LWY in
terms of post weaning growth performance and carcass characteristics under
terminally sired pigs. The crossbreds viz., D x (LR x Desi) and D x (LWY x Desi)
had better litter performance than D x (LWY x LR) and LWY pigs. Considering both
litter performance and post weaning growth performance, the recommendation is
that D X (LR x Desi) and D x (LWY x Desi) crossbreds are best suited for the field
fattener pig production in the hot-humid climatic conditions.
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