Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] using RAPD and ISSR markers for developing crop improvement strategies
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Date
2019-05
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Department of Horticulture (Olericulture), BAU, Sabour
Abstract
Among the all cultivated cucurbitaceous vegetables, bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.) with chromosome no. 2n = 22, is an annual monoecious crop synonymously called as calabash gourd. For the above investigation twenty-four genotypes collected from various states adjoining Bihar including breeding lines developed, collected and maintained at department. The genotypes of bottle gourd laid out in statistical design named Randomized Block Design with 3 replications in spring summer season of 2014 and 2015, respectively to examine the magnitude of variability and genetic diversity for several traits horticultural importance. In morphological study genotypes performed significantly in all traits studied, however BRBG-65 (591.10 q/ha) was proved to be high yielder with supporting traits like yield of marketable fruits/plant (15.19 kg) and no. of fruits/vine (14.85) in pooled analysis of both season than compare to the all three check varieties used in past study. Traits like fruit length, fruit circumference, no. of fruits per vine, yield of marketable fruits/vine, no. of seeds/fruit and fruit yield/hectare exhibited high GCV and PCV. Almost all the traits under study shown high percentage of heritability with maximum genetic advancement percentage for the traits like fruit length, fruit circumference, average fruit weight, no. of fruits/vine, yield of marketable fruits/vine, no. of seeds/fruit and yield per hectare. Traits like average fruit weight, no. of fruits plant and yield of marketable fruits/vine shown strong character association with fruit yield/hectare. Based on D2 values, twenty-four genotypes were classified amongst five clusters which indicated a large genetic diversity. Cluster II produced maximum no. (11) of genotypes followed closely by cluster I (8), whereas cluster V was proved to be mono-genotypic. Fruit length has given maximum contribution for total divergence. In the molecular study, average polymorphism percentage was obtained by RAPD pattern was studied by using 10 random primers. Total 58 reproducible amplicons were generated by 10 RAPD primers, of an average around 5.8 amplicon per primer. The value corresponding average polymorphic information content was 0.58 and ranged from 0.43 to 0.81. The major allele frequency was ranged from 0.33 to 0.73 with the average of 0.57. The major genetic diversity was ranged from 0.30 to 0.59 with the average of 0.41. ISSR pattern was studied by using 7 primers. Total 48 reproducible amplicons were generated by 7 ISSR primers of an average around 6.85 amplicon per primer. The value of average polymorphic information content was 0.56 and ranged from 0.29 to 0.76. The major allele frequency was ranged from 0.39 to 0.80 with the average of 0.59. The major gene diversity was ranged from 0.20 to 0.71 with the average of 0.44. Wide range of value regarding Jaccard’s similarity coefficient in RAPD markers (0.46 to 0.86), ISSR markers (0.37 to 0.910) and in combination (0.50 to 0.80). The dendrogram concluded relative magnitude of resemblance also amongst different clusters formed. Dendrogram and similarity matrix produced from both the markers RAPD and ISSR data then compared and concluded similar but not genetically identical phylo-genetic relationships, when RAPD, ISSR, and RAPD combination with ISSR derived dendrograms were compared, the discrimination among genotypes within these clusters was more effective with the combined analysis. Most genotypes studied in the present experiment differed with their geographic origin. The promising lines collected from different source were classified amongst different clusters and sub clusters. The genotype BRBG 65 was extremely diverse from other genotypes and the genotype BRBG 11-1 was genetically similar to BRBG 52 and BRBG 12-3. The investigation highlights the potential utilization of these germplasm for future breeding programmes.The genotypes of more divergent cluster may be utilized in breeding programme for developing high yielding varieties and F1 hybrids with desirable quantitative traits. The most promising genotype BRBG 65 may be recommended for commercial cultivation.
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