MORPHO-MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, EVALUATION AND HYBRIDIZATION AMONG DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.)

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2019-12-14
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COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR
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The present investigations entitled, “Morpho-molecular characterization, evaluation and hybridization among different cultivars of guava (Psidium guajava L.)” were carried out at farm of Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur (HP) during 2018 to 2019. Significant variations were observed among seven guava genotypes for various quantitative and qualitative traits. Cultivar Shweta had maximum fruit length, weight, fruit length/width ratio, pulp weight, leaf width, thickness of outer flesh, high vitamin C content and minimum number of seeds per fruit. In variability studies, high heritability (>60%) was observed for all the characters and seed weight had maximum phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV).High genetic advance coupled with high genetic gain was recorded in number of seeds per fruit, seed weight, thickness of outer flesh and total soluble solids (TSS). In correlation studies, average fruit weight had positive and significant correlation with fruit length and fruit width at phenotypicandgenotypic level. The path coefficient analysis showed that the average fruit weight had maximum positive direct effects on seed weight followed by fruit width and fruit length. The maximum negative direct effects of number of seeds per fruit followed by core diameter weregoverned on average fruit weight. In diversity study 42 RAPD markers were screened to estimated genetic diversityamong guava cultivars. Only 12 primers were able to amplify and yielded 48 scorable bands in all seven-guava cultivars out of which 41 bands were polymorphic with 85.42% polymorphism, which depicts high level of polymorphism among the cultivars under study.The similarity coefficient value ranged from 0.117 to 0.670. In RAPD Cluster analysis two major Clusters are formed and Cluster ‘I’ was found to be bigger Cluster containing five cultivars and Cluster ‘II’ containing two cultivars. Further, sub clustering in Cluster ‘I’ Allahabad Safeda was away from the cluster at approximately 35 % similarity, while Shweta and Lucknow-49 were found very close with 69% similarity in cluster ‘I’. In hybridization study among guava genotypes, the highest fruit set percent in ten crosses was observed in cross Allahabad Safeda × Lalit (68.33%) followed by cross Shweta × Lalit (66.67%) and Lucknow-49 × Lalit (61.67%). No fruit set was observed in crossArkaAmulya × Lalit.
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