Evaluation of CMS lines for development of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Date
2019
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CCSHAU
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Realizing the potential of hybrid rice to increase productivity, the present investigation was conducted during Kharif 2017 and Kharif 2018 at research farm of Rice Research Station, Kaul (Kaithal) of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Harayana Agricultural University, Hisar carried out in four different experiments to assess the magnitude of heterosis for various yield and related traits, to identify the maintainers and restorers for different CMS lines, to determine the extent of outcrossing and find the polymorphism between parents using SSR markers. The study comprised of two CMS lines viz., IR 68888A and IR 58025A with different restorers to generate thirty hybrids. The thirty hybrids along with two standard checks viz., HSD 1 and HKR 127 were evaluated for the standard heterosis for eight morphological traits and six quality traits in RCBD in three replications. Characters wise positive heterotic hybrids over both checks (HSD 1 and HKR 127) were: hybrid IR 58025A x IR 92784-91-1-5 (42.24 % & 44.24 %) for number of effective tillers per plant, hybrid IR 68888A x HKR 07-191 (18.24 % & 28.98 %) for panicle length, hybrid IR 68888A x HKR 120 ( 25.68 % & 48.16 %) for number of grains per panicle, hybrid IR 58025A x HKR 08-62 (10.20% & 12.58%) for 1000 grain weight. Most of the hybrids recorded positive heterosis over checks for grain yield per plant with the maximum standard heterosis for grain yield recorded in hybrid IR 58025A x IR 99784-255-91-1-5 (38.49 % & 59.28 %) followed by IR 68888A x PR 106 (27.87 % & 45.92 %) and IR 58025A x HKR 05-10 (26.92% & 44.72 %) exhibited highest significant positive heterosis over both checks (HSD 1 & HKR 127) and among these IR 58025A x IR 99784-255-91-1-5 was identified as potential hybrid. After testing in large scale field trials, these hybrids can be recommended for commercial cultivation. Another experiment comprised of four different CMS lines viz., IR 68888A, IR68897A, IR58025A and IR 80555A with ten different testers each used to generate forty hybrids. Based on spikelet fertility of forty crosses, eight genotypes were identified as effective maintainers, eight genotypes as partial maintainers, eighteen genotypes as partial restorers and six genotypes as effective restorers. Genotype IRBB60 was identified as effective maintainers for two CMS lines namely IR68888A and IR58025A. However, IET 21669 and IET 21953 behaved as maintainer for IR58025A only and male parent HKR 126, HKR 47 and HKR 08-62 behaved as maintainer for line IR 68897A. Effective Restorer found for different CMS lines were; PR 123 for IR68888A, IR 99784-11-8-1-2, IR 91648-B-9-B-14-2, HKR 127, OM6377 for IR 688897A, HKR 128 for IR 80555A, identified strong restorer can be used to cross with several CMS lines to produce hybrids. Another experiment carried out using two CMS lines (IR68888A and IR58025A) were grown with one pollen parent in different planting ratio (4:2, 6:2, 8:2) to determine the extent of outcrossing. CMS line IR 68888A showed highest outcrossing 38.67% in 4F:2M, and 31.22% outcrossing in 6F:2M planting ratio as compared to 36.04% in 4F:2M and 27.21% in 6F:2M in CMS line IR 58025A. Thus, CMS line IR 68888A can be used effectively for the production of hybrid seed and may be exploited in future hybrid rice breeding programme. For checking polymorphism between parents (23 male and 2 female), 52 SSR markers were used to assess the extent of genetic diversity. Out of 52 SSR markers tested, 33 were found to be polymorphic and 17 monomorphic markers. The PIC values ranged from 0.13 to 0.59 with an average of 0.377 by 33 polymorphic SSR markers. Based on molecular cluster analysis, total 8 sub clusters depicted among parents and it showed that parents were diverse and differ significantly from each other.
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