MORPHO – PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF HEAT TOLERANT GENOTYPES IN EGGPLANT (Solanum melongena L.)
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Date
2019
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DIVISION OF VEGETABLE SCIENCE ICAR-INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE NEW DELHI
Abstract
The present investigation entitled, “Morpho-physiological and molecular
characterization of heat tolerant genotypes in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)” was
undertaken at the research farm of Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-IARI, New
Delhi. A total of 62 genotypes were grown in randomized block design (RBD) both in
summer and kharif season. These genotypes were evaluated for ten morphological and
yield related traits. Based on the performance in summer season, five high temperature
tolerant and five susceptible genotypes were selected for study of 11 physiological and
biochemical parameters. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA,
correlation, principle component analysis (PCA) and Hierarchal Cluster analysis
(HCA) using SAS ver. 9.3. software. The genotypes were also characterized by 15 SSR
markers and data was analysed using power marker software. The analysis of variance
showed that mean sum of squares were highly significant for morphological and yield
related traits which reflected by presence of high magnitude of variability among the
eggplant genotypes in both summer and kharif season. There was considerable
reduction in flower production when temperatures exceed 34oC in summer season. The
% fruit set was very high (95.45%) in kharif season as compared to summer season
(82.23%).In summer season Pant Samrat had highest fruit set (82.23%). The highest
yield per plant was observed in Guhala Chatua Local (1.8 kg) in summer season where
as in case of kharif season yield per plant was maximum in Swarnamani Black (5.97
Kg). Based on yield performance, DBL-21, Guhala Chatua Local, DBL-08, Pant
Samrat and Pusa Ankur were selected as tolerant genotypes whereas Pusa Upkar,
DBPR-23, DBPR-43, DBGR-131 and DBGL-225-2-5-17 were susceptible genotypes.
The heat tolerant genotype Pant Samrat had high (57.2%) relative water content (RWC)
in leaf and lower canopy temperature. The total chlorophyll content was found higher
in kharif season and less in summer season. The Hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2),
Malondialdehyde (MDA), Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) content was
higher in summer season. H2O2, MDA were higher in susceptible genotypes it was more
as compared to tolerant genotypes whereas SOD and CAT were higher in tolerant
genotypes. The first principal component (PC1) explained 48% of the variance and
second principal component (PC2) could explain 14% of the variance. The traits which
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contributed positively to PC1 are total number of flowers per plant, percent fruit set and
yield per plant. The HCA revealed that in summer season all the tolerant genotypes
were grouped in same cluster II and all the susceptible genotypes were grouped in
cluster I. Marker analysis showed that, an average of 2.067 alleles per locus was
obtained among the 62 eggplant genotypes. Among the 15 polymorphic SSR markers,
67% markers had PIC value higher than 0.3, thereby suggesting their suitability for
genetic diversity analysis. The NJ (Neibour joining) dendrogram obtained by 15 SSR
markers distributed 62 genotypes into seven major clusters. The genotypes identified
in the present study could be used in breeding programme to develop heat tolerant
hybrids in eggplant.
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Keywords :
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T-10197
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