Morphological and molecular characterization of CMS lines and their seed production potential in onion (Allium cepa L.)
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Date
2019
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present investigation entitled „Morphological and molecular characterization of CMS lines and their seed production potential in onion (Allium cepa L.)‟ was carried out in the Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (India) during 2017-2019. The objective was to characterize and study seed set potential of male sterile lines D-10 A&B, D-11 A&B, D-48 A&B, D-73 A&B, D-97 A&B, D-102 A&B, D-121 A&B, D-266 A&B and D-305 A&B having cytotype of A. cepa and D-G404 A&B, D-G407 A&B, D-G408 A&B, D-G413 A&B, D-G414 A&B, D-G416 A&B and D-G421 A&B having cytotype of A. galanthum. In morphological characterization, analysis of variance exhibited significant differences for all 14 quantitative traits. Moderate to high values for coefficients of variation, high heritability along with high genetic advance were observed for bolting per cent (%), polar diameter, TSS, pyruvic acid and lachrymatory factor. D2 statistics formed total six clusters on the basis of 14 quantitative traits. Mean performance of clusters categorized cluster-IV, V and VI good for leaf length, plant height, equatorial diameter, polar diameter and average bulb weight. On the basis of mean performance, D-97 A, D-G414 A and D-266 A CMS-lines gave highest average bulb weight. Out of 36, 12 polymorphic SSR markers grouped all the CMS-lines into two major clusters and four sub-clusters. ACM 091 presented highest PIC value (0.74) and number of effective alleles (4.38). Isogenic nature of male sterile (A) lines and their respective maintainer (B) lines was confirmed both at morphological and molecular level. Seed set potential of these lines was estimated under controlled and open field conditions. Analysis of variance exhibited significant variation for all floral traits. Significant difference between male sterile and its corresponding maintainer line was reflected for androecial traits whereas, gynoecial characteristics viz., ovary length and width did not differ significantly. Though nectar quantity was higher in B-lines than A-lines for both species, but in general, A. galanthum had less nectar than A. cepa backgrounds. The nectar analysis revealed that fructose content (%) ranged from 5.93 to 43.24 and 5.19 to 33.26 per cent and glucose content (%) from 3.32 to 42.65 and 4.96 to 33.50 per cent in A and B-lines, respectively. Syrphid fly predominated over all other pollinators around onion flowers. Preference of honey bees was observed for male fertile (C-line) over male sterile (A) lines due to less nectar in the latter. Seed yield/umbel and seed yield/plant ranged from 0.58 to 3.80 g and 3.28 to 27.89 g, respectively. The quantity of seed was more in A. cepa as compared to A. galanthum lines. The seed yield/umbel showed significant positive correlation with nectar volume (mg/floret), syrphid fly visits/umbel/ minute, glucose and fructose content.
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