Designing of Water Harvesting Pond for Rainfed Areas of Jammu District
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Date
2019-12
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu
Abstract
Water harvesting is an effective technique for successful rainfed farming. The efficient rain water management is necessary to improve water productivity and to protect the natural resource base in rainfed regions. The core objective of the water harvesting is to upsurge the resilience of Indian catchments to regular droughts and other environmental shocks to increase water availability for agriculture and other domestic uses. Proper design of such structures is pre-requisite to attain desirable benefit. The study was undertaken to design a water harvesting farm pond through rainfall runoff analysis for the Gargal village of Akhnoor tehsil of Jammu district. The study area having an average cultivated area of 165.5 ha and lies between 74°39' 23″ E longitude and 33°01' 09″ N Latitude at an elevation of 659 m above mean sea level. Daily rainfall data of 15 years (2003-2017) were analysed for their yearly, monthly and weekly behaviour. The average rainfall of the study area for a period of 15 years (2003-2017) was found 1154.52 mm. The rainfall in the study area starts 24th week and lasts up to 37th week i.e., 11th June to10th September whereas for remaining weeks rainfall distribution was low and erratic. Monthly drought analysis indicated that the maximum frequency of occurrence of drought during these 15 years was found in October with 53.33 % probability followed by February, March, April, September and December with 46.66 % probability. Maximum drought months falls under pre and post monsoon months which indicated that there is a maximum chances of failure of rabi crops under rainfed conditions. Runoff analysis was done using SCS-CN method considering 15 years (2003-2017) daily rainfall data. Analysis by SCS curve number method indicated that average runoff depth during the study period was 89.84 mm. The capacity of the farm pond varies from 89.8 m3 to 2156.1 m3 for a catchment area of 0.1 ha to 2.4 ha, respectively. Catchment command ratio for wheat based, maize based and vegetable based cropping system was found 2.4, 0.38 and 1.33, respectively. Results revealed that rectangular shaped farm ponds in the trapezoidal cross section were found more economical in the rainfed areas of Jammu district.
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