EFFECT OF LAND SITUATIONS, VARIOUS PLANTING GEOMETRY AND LEVELS OF FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) GROWN UNDER LATERITIC SOIL OF KONKAN REGION. (Accession No. 6704)
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dbskkv., Dapoli
Abstract
Two years research experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2017 and 2018 to investigate the, "Effect of land situations, various planting geometry and levels of fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) grown under lateritic soil of Konkan region” at Agronomy Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S.). The soil of the experimental plot was clay loam to sandy clay loam in texture, moderately acidic in reaction, high in organic carbon content. It was medium in available nitrogen, low in available phosphorus and fairly high in available potassium during the both years of experimentation.
The field experiment was laid out in split-split plot design comprising 25 treatment combinations replicated thrice. Main plot treatment consisted of three land situations viz., upland situation (LS1),
midland situation (LS2) and gently sloppy (Varkas) land (LS3) The sub plot treatment consisted of five planting geometry viz.,15 cm x 10 cm (PG1), 20 cm x 10 cm (PG2), 25 cm x 10 cm (PG3), 30 cm x 10 cm (PG4) and 20 cm x 15 cm (PG5),while, sub-sub plot treatment comprised of five fertilizer levels viz., 80: 40: 0 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) without FYM (F1), 80: 40: 0 NPK kg ha-1 (RDF) with FYM 5 t ha-1 (F2), 80: 40: 40 NPK kg ha-1 with FYM 5 t ha-1 (F3), 100: 50: 50 NPK kg ha-1 with FYM 5 t ha-1 (F4) and 120: 60: 60 NPK kg ha-1 with FYM 5 t ha-1 (F5).
The experimental results revealed that, finger millet crop grown in upland situation during kharif season recorded significantly higher growth as well as yield attributes resulting into significantly higher grain and straw yield. The quality parameters protein content in grain and straw were significantly more in upland situation (LS1), followed by gently sloppy land (LS3). However, significantly higher values of N, P and K uptake recorded in upland situation (LS1), followed by gently sloppy land (LS3). The available status of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium after harvest of experimental crop was significantly higher in upland situation (LS1), followed by midland (LS2). The finger millet crop grown on upland situation (LS1) recorded highest gross monetary returns of 86,287, 1, 26,644 and 1, 06,465 ha-1, net monetary returns 12,348, 43,398 and 27,873 ha-1 and benefit to cost ratio of 1.18, 1.54 and 1.36 during the years 2017, 2018 and pooled mean respectively.
Among the various planting geometry 25 cm x 10 cm (PG3) found to be significantly superior for all the growth parameters and yield attributing characters than rest of planting geometry under the investigation. The grain yield, straw yield and quality parameters were significantly enhanced and recorded higher values under the planting geometry 25 cm x 10 cm (PG3), followed by 20 cm x 15 cm (PG5) planting geometry during both the years. The higher values of N, P, K content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were observed under the treatment of 25 cm x 10 cm (PG3) planting geometry, followed by 20 cm x 15 cm (PG5) planting geometry. Similarly, the values of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were significantly higher under 15 cm x 10
cm (PG1) planting geometry over rest of planting geometry during the year 2017 as well as 2018.
Significantly the higher gross monitory returns of 63, 481, 99,535 and 81,508 ha-1, net monitory returns of -6,580, 23,683 and 8,577 ha-1 and B: C ratio of 0.98, 1.40 and 1.19 were registered under the planting geometry 25 cm x 10 cm (PG3) during both years of experimentation and in the pooled mean, respectively.
Application of 120: 60: 60 NPK kg ha-1 with FYM 5 t ha-1 (F5) recorded significantly higher growth parameters and yield attributing characters as compared to the rest of fertilizer levels and at par with 100: 50: 50 NPK kg ha-1 with FYM 5 t ha-1 (F4). The grain yield, straw yield and quality parameters were significantly enhanced and recorded highest values under 120: 60: 60 NPK kg ha-1 with FYM 5 t ha-1 (F5) as compared to rest of fertilizer levels and remains at par with 100: 50: 50 NPK kg ha-1 with 5 t ha-1 FYM (F4) during both the years in respect of grain yield and in straw yield during 2017. The highest values of N,P,K content in grain and straw and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were observed under the 120: 60: 60 NPK kg ha-1 with FYM 5 t ha-1 (F5) as compared to rest of fertilizer levels in that descending order of significance. The values of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of soil after harvest of finger millet crop were higher in 120: 60: 60 NPK kg ha-1 with FYM 5 t ha-1 (F5) than other fertilizer levels during both the years in that descending order of significance.
Maximum gross returns of 70,262, 1, 03,517 and 86,890 ha-1 and net return -7,348, 17,502 and 5,077 ha-1 and B: C ratios of 0.88, 1.18 and 1.03 were obtained when finger millet crop was supplied with 120 : 60 : 60 N,P,K kg ha-1 with FYM 5 t ha-1 (F5) during the years 2017, 2018 and in case of pooled mean respectively. However, 120 : 60 : 60 N,P,K kg ha-1 with FYM 5 t ha-1 (F5) and which was followed by 100 : 50 : 50 N,P,K kg ha-1 with FYM 5 t ha-1 (F4) during the years 2017, 2018 and in case of pooled mean, respectively
In respect of economics the treatment combination of upland situation (LS1) with 25 cm x 10 cm (PG3) planting geometry and application of 120 : 60 : 60 N,P,K kg ha-1 with FYM 5 t ha-1 (F5) i.e. LS1
PG3 F5 recorded maximum values of gross returns ( 1,15,508, 1,51,134 and 1,33,321 ha-1) net returns ( 30,686, 60,300 and 45,493) and B: C ratio (1.36, 1.66 and 1.51), followed by treatment combination of upland situation (LS1) with 25 cm x 10 cm (PG3) planting geometry and application of 100 : 50 : 50 N,P,K kg ha-1 with FYM 5 t ha-1 (F5) i.e. LS1 PG3 F4 recorded maximum values of gross returns (1,11,189, 1,49,246 and 1,30,217 ha-1) net returns ( 28,128, 60,012 and 44,070) and B: C ratio (1.34, 1.67 and 1.51) during the years 2017, 2018 and in mean, respectively.
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