Studies on viral infections of respiratory tract in bovine with special reference to Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)
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Date
2019
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Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present study was conducted to elucidate the important common viral agents involved in respiratory infection in bovines using various diagnostic tools. A total of 100 nasal swabs of cattle and buffaloes with the respiratory signs were collected from the various gaushalas in and around Ludhiana, dairy complex and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, GADVASU, Ludhiana. These samples were subjected for detection of various viral pathogens involved in, by employing sandwich ELISA, PCR and virus isolations. By using sandwich ELISA, overall antigenic incidence of BoHV-1 and BPI3V were reported to be 1% and 3%, respectively in sampled animals. Sex wise incidence of BPI3V was recorded in 5% male and 2.5% female animals by using antigen detection ELISA. However, none of the samples was found positive for BRSV and BVDV antigen. Not a solitary sample tested showed positive reaction for presence of two antigens concomitantly. By employing molecular techniques for detection of Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV1), overall incidence was found to be 3% with PCR. Out of 75 cattle, 3 (4.0%) cattle were found positive in PCR where as none of the buffaloes was found positive in present study. All BoHV-1 positive animals were female crossbred cattle. The animals older than 3 years of age showed the higher incidence (4.2%) of BoHV-1 than animals up to 3 years of age (2.8%). Out of three PCR positive samples, two samples exhibited the cytopathic effects (CPE) in MDBK cell line. Comparative evaluation of sandwich ELISA, PCR and virus isolation assay was carried out to detect BoHV-1. At least one sample was found positive by all the three tests and two samples were found positive for BoHV-1 by PCR and virus isolation. Remaining one more sample was positive by PCR test only. This suggests that PCR is the most sensitive test to detect BoHV-1 infections. To recognize incidence of BRSV, all the samples were screened by RT-PCR and 10 randomly selected samples were tested by virus isolation assay in MDBK cell line. BRSV could not be found in any of three detection techniques (Sandwich ELISA, RT-PCR and Virus Isolation) in any of the samples. In present study, a duplex PCR was also standardized for detection of Bovine herpes virus-1 and Bovine respiratory syncytial virus. The present study concluded that BoHV-1 and BPI3V were detected in nasal swab samples from cattle and buffalo showing respiratory signs. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) might not be responsible for causing for respiratory diseases in sampled animals.
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