DEVELOPMENT OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION PLAN FOR A MICRO WATERSHED
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Date
2019
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
ManavChetnaVikas Kendra (MCVK) is a “Center for Research on Human Education” working with the motto of “Unified Society Universal System”. Manifestation of this understanding is visible in the form of an interim model in which around 30 families are living together to achieve this motto at Pivday village of Indore district (M.P). It’s a strong belief at MCVK that every innate desire of each individual can be fulfilled and will be reflected in the outer world in the form of orderliness. A living model has started taking shape at Janakpuri area of Shiwni village, Indore (M.P), 36 km away from Indore, M.P. This model will be a place where 100 families (1000 persons) will live together in harmony with each other and with nature. Name given to this model village is “Xigloo”.
This study is an opportunity to address the natural resource development and management aspects taking shape at Xigloo. Xigloo is part of a micro watershed on which this study is focused. The total area of the study micro watershed is 101 ha. The Study area is surrounded by hills and having barren land on the periphery of hills followed by agricultural land. Micro- watershed was delineated for study using Google earth. a Reconnaissance survey was conducted and GIS and remote sensing techniques have been widely applied to gather initial information regarding the Topographic of the study area for the development of micro-watershed and for suggesting various suitable soil and water conservation measure. Concentration was mainly focused on the upper part of the micro watershed having steeper slopes. Data related to Topography, Climatology, Hydrology, soil and Vegetation were collected and analyzed, which gave the final output in the form of various thematic maps and ways and means to deal with the available natural resources.
The determinations of geomorphologic characteristics with the help of GIS have been done which helps to know about the drainage pattern of the area. The drainage map shows that the total length of the stream is 12.54 km and drainage density (12.5 km/km2) of the watershed which wasindicating high runoff potential of the watershed. Bifurcation Ratio of the area was found to be 3.15 which mean greater flooding area effected to soil erosion.
Location of different conservation measures/structures like gabions, lose boulder check dam, lining of existing open wells, farm ponds, and other soil and water conservation structures have been in the study area.
The research area's topography is rugged, hilly and undulated, so the quantity of rainfall this region receives is going away in the form of runoff and almost all precipitation is drained along the hills slopes. Because of the fast runoff and irrigation through groundwater, there is much less scope for the rainwater to percolate in to the ground. Thus the individuals of these regions experience water scarcity for irrigation in both summer and winter. To store this water, the erosive power of this peak discharge must be managed and the amounts of rainfall must be harvested for future use.
One water harvesting structure, elevated water storage tank was planned, designed and constructed in the watershed which has the storage capacity of 79584.12 m3. Coffer dam was proposed and constructed just besides the bank of tank to block the gullies carrying runoff water coming from the hilly catchment of the tank. It stops water, deposit silt, head up water so that silt free water enters the pond through designed inlet. Emergency spillway is also proposed on the coffer dam with the provision of gates. Emergency spillway allows peak coming from the catchment to be removed safely.
The cost of construction of an elevated water storage structure was estimated to be ₹3200000. It is designed on the basis of calculated runoff which comes out 2.7 m3 /s for the catchment area of 10 ha it was estimated by using rational method. As per their accessible catchment area, loose stone check dams, gabions, diversions were also suggested, which decreases the speed of runoff results in soil erosion decrease, trapping silt. Gabions are proposed to construct in the stream of the catchment area. The cost of proposed structures is estimated. The cost of gabions and loose stone check dam for small gullies having a depth less than 1.5 m was estimated to be 11,400 and ₹5000 per structure respectively.
Description
DEVELOPMENT OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION PLAN FOR A MICRO WATERSHED
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101p.