STUDIES ON EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION IN GRAPEVINE GENOTYPES (Vitis spp.) AND ITS EFFECT UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SOIL PHOSPHORUS
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Date
2018-09-19
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College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, HYD-30
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Studies on effect of mycorrhizal inoculation in grapevine genotypes (Vitis spp.) and its effect under different levels of soil phosphorus” a pot culture experiment was carried out at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, SKLTSHU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during June 2017 – January 2018.
In an attempt to achieve the objective of establishing the beneficial effect of VAM in different grape genotypes, first experiment with title viz., “Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on four grapevine genotypes (Vitis spp.)” was conducted in Completely Randomized Factorial Design with 3 replications with four grapevine genotypes viz., Dogridge, 110 R, Thompson Seedless and Pusa Navrang which were imposed with two treatments: (1) control (without VAM) (2) inoculated with VAM. Data was recorded on growth, microbial parameters and nutrient status of grape in the experiment.
VAM inoculated grape genotypes recorded significantly higher shoot growth such as shoot length (12%), number of leaves (16%), leaf area (12%), total leaf per plant (11%), shoot fresh (17%) and dry weight (16%) and root growth such as main root length (17%), total root length (25%), root surface area (26%), root volume (24%), root fresh (30%) and dry weight (27%), root to shoot dry weight ratio (26%), improved microbial parameters such as mycorrhizal root colonization (106%), alkaline phosphatase activity (30%) and enhanced nutrient content in shoot tissue such as N (11%), P(33%), Ca(27%), Mg (16) and Mn (34%) than the uninoculated control. Thus all grape genotypes are benefited when they are raised in the presence of AM fungi.
No absolute specificity could be accorded to the mycorrhizal symbiosis since the genotype by VAM interaction effect on growth and colonization was non significant. However, when the percent increase in growth, microbial colonization and nutrient concentration of grape genotypes with application of
VAM over un inoculated control has been computed it has been noticed that Mycorrhizal dependency of four grape genotypes at 77mg P kg-1potting mixture was 39.58% for Pusa Navrang was followed by 16.46% for Dogridge and 16.39 % for 110R while the least was recorded in Thompson Seedless (12.35 %). With application of VAM the percent increase in mycorrhizal colonization varied from 88 % in 110R to 116 % in Dogridge. With respect to growth parameters, among genotypes Pusa Navrang shown highest percent increase in shoot length (25%), shoot dry weight (25%), root length (33%), total root length (48%), root surface area (57%), root volume (70%) while, Dogridge has shown highest percent increase in number of leaves (32%), shoot fresh weight (23%), root to shoot dry weight ratio (40%), 110 R recorded highest percent increase in leaf area (21%) and Thompson Seedless recorded total leaf area (19%), root to shoot length ratio (13%). Highest percent increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in soil was recorded in Thompson Seedless (50%). With respect to increase in shoot nutrient concentration, Dogridge has shown highest percent increase in N (30%), Ca (43%), Mg (25%), Zn (60%), while 110 R higher in shoot K (15%) and Fe (10%) and Pusa Navrang shown highest percent increase in shoot P (50%), with application of VAM as compared to control. Hence, the effect of VAM was more conspicuous in the case of Pusa Navrang.
In an attempt to study the response of grape rootstocks to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi under different phosphorus levels, second experiment on “Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on grapevine rootstocks under different phosphorus levels in soil” was conducted with two rootstocks viz., Dogridge, 110 R which were imposed with two treatments: (1) control (without mycorrhiza) (2) inoculated with VAM under different phosphorus levels viz., 0, 150 and 300 ppm in Completely Randomized Factorial Design with 3 replications.
Mycorrhizal plants showed, in general, more rapid development than non-mycorrhizal plants emphasizing results in first experiment except shoot length. There was genetic difference among rootstocks with 110R recording higher growth, mycorrhizal root colonization, concentrations of P, Ca, Mg and Mn than Dogridge while, root length and root to shoot length ratio were only higher in Dogridge.
With increase in P levels, there was a linear increase in growth parameters. Among the P levels, P300 recorded highest number of leaves, leaf area, root length, average root diameter, root surface area, root volume, root fresh &, dry weight, alkaline phosphatase activity and shoot P content. Whereas, higher stem diameter, shoot fresh & dry weight, root to shoot ratio, mycorrhizal root colonization, shoot N and K content was recorded at P150 which are at par with P300. A reverse trend was recorded with respect to Ca, Zn and Mn contents, which showed a decrease with increase in P levels.
Variation in growth, microbial colonization and nutrient concentration of grape genotypes has been computed at different P levels in terms of percent increase with application of VAM over uninoculated control. In case of shoot growth parameters, with application of VAM a 50% increase in number of leaves was registered at P0 level, followed by 32 and 9% at P150 and P300 levels respectively over control. For total leaf area P150 was most effective with an increase of 44% followed by 39% at P0 and 22% at P300.
With regards to root growth, with application of VAM an increase in the total root length (76, 72 and 43%) root surface area (84, 51 and 27%), root volume (44, 27 and 4% ), root fresh weight (75, 34 and -9%), root dry weight (74, 34 and -4%), root to shoot length ratio (26, 26 and 15%) and root to shoot dry weight ratio (73, 38 and 38% ) at P0, P150 and P300 respectively was recorded. P150 with application of VAM effectively increased shoot P content of 52% followed by 36% at P0 and 22% at P300 when compared to uninoculated control.
The mycorrhizal dependency of Dogridge rootstocks inoculated with VAM was more conspicuous at P0 level (56.35%) followed by P150 (20.99%) and became less perceivable at P300 level (11.01%). In case of 110R, the MD at P0 (32.52%) and P150 (30.44%) were roughly equal and recorded a tangible decrease by 250% at P 300 ppm. It was noticed that the beneficial effect of mycorrhiza decreased with increasing P levels. Hence, it can be inferred that application of VAM in a soil without addition of P fertilizer (P0) was most effective for improving the growth of grape rootstocks followed by application of 150 mg P kg-1soil while little or no benefit observed with VAM applied in combination with 300 mg P kg-1soil.
Description
The mycorrhizal dependency of Dogridge rootstocks inoculated with VAM was more conspicuous at P0 level (56.35%) followed by P150 (20.99%) and became less perceivable at P300 level (11.01%). In case of 110R, the MD at P0 (32.52%) and P150 (30.44%) were roughly equal and recorded a tangible decrease by 250% at P 300 ppm. It was noticed that the beneficial effect of mycorrhiza decreased with increasing P levels. Hence, it can be inferred that application of VAM in a soil without addition of P fertilizer (P0) was most effective for improving the growth of grape rootstocks followed by application of 150 mg P kg-1soil while little or no benefit observed with VAM applied in combination with 300 mg P kg-1soil.
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Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30