IMPROVED GRAIN STORAGE PRACTICES IN DOLICHOS BEAN (Dolichos lablab L. var typicus Prain) ON MANAGEMENT OF MOISTURE CONTENT, GERMINATION, QUALITY AND PULSE BEETLE (Callosobruchus theobromae) (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE)
Loading...
Date
2018-06-22
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, HYD-30
Abstract
The present investigation entitled "Improved grain storage practices in Dolichos bean (Dolichos lablab L. var typicus Prain) on management of moisture content, germination, quality and pulse beetle Callosobruchus theobromae (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)" was carried out from September, 2017 to March, 2018 in the research laboratory of College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, SKLTSHU.
The experiment was laid out in by Factorial CRD with two factors: four types of bags (Factor A) i.e jute bag, polythene bag, triple layered PICS bag and jute bag treated with chloropyriphos and three storage periods (Factor B) i.e 2 months, 4 months and 6 months. Each treatment contained healthy dolichos bean seed with 10% of seed with artificial infestation of bruchid Callosobruchus theobromae. The treatments used were T1: Jute bag+5kg dolichos bean seeds @10% moisture stored for 2 months; T2: Jute bag+5kg dolichos bean seeds @10% moisture stored for 4 months; T3: Jute bag+5kg dolichos bean seeds @10% moisture stored for 6 months; T4: Polythene bag+5kg dolichos bean seeds @10% moisture stored for 2 months; T5: Polythene bag+5kg dolichos bean seeds @10% moisture stored for 4 months; T6: Polythene bag+5kg dolichos bean seeds @10% moisture stored for 6 months; T7: Triple layer PICS bag+5kg dolichos bean seeds @10% moisture stored for 2 months; T8: Triple layer PICS bag+5kg dolichos bean seeds @10% moisture stored for 4 months; T9: Triple layer PICS bag+5kg dolichos bean seeds @10% moisture stored for 6 months; T10: Jute bag treated with insecticide +5kg dolichos bean seed @10% moisture stored for 2 months; T11: Jute bag treated with insecticide +5kg dolichos bean seeds @10% moisture stored for 4 months and T12: Jute bag treated with insecticide +5kg dolichos bean seeds @10% moisture stored for 6 months.
Analysis of variance of CRD with respect to bag types, storage periods and their interactions at 10% bruchid infestation was high and significant indicating sufficient variations.
Results on moisture content showed that there was no decrease in moisture content in the seeds stored in triple layer PICS bag (10.23, 10.41 and 10.46) at 2, 4 and 6 months respectively, whereas other storage bags recorded lower moisture content than the initial moisture of 10%. Germination per cent in triple layer PICS bag (93.67, 93.33 and 93.00) at 2, 4 and 6 months storage was highest among all bag types followed by jute bag treated with insecticide (88.7). Results on test weight of 100 seeds revealed that the triple layer PICS bag (23.48, 23.42 and 23.41) at 2, 4 and 6 months storage respectively recorded less loss in test weight compared to other storage bags.
After 2, 4 and 6 months storage period, in triple layer PICS bag the protein content (%) (38.917, 38.50 and 37.76) and carbohydrate content (%) (19.37, 19.26 and 19.24) were high in triple layer PICS bag. The mean fat content (%) recorded was highest in jute bag(1.25) and lowest in triple layer PICS bag (0.63).
Lowest bruchid infestation was recorded in triple layer PICS bag (13.27, 13.35 and 13.38) at 2, 4 and 6 month periods respectively. The low infestation of pest was due to hypoxia (low oxygen levels) and hypercarbia (high carbon dioxide levels) conditions created in triple layer PICS bag which caused 100% mortality of bruchid and prevent the further damage.
The low oxygen level (%) were recorded in triple layer PICS bag (11.27, 7.17 and 6.10) and high level (%) of carbon dioxide (6.77, 8.47 and 11.83) at 2, 4 and 6 months storage creating hypoxia and hypercarbia conditions. No change in temperature was recorded in triple layer PICS bag, where as other bags recorded at par changes according to external environment. High relative humidity in triple layer PICS bag was recorded (60.5, 61.0 and 62.0) at 2, 4 and 6 months storage compared to all other types of storage bags.
The benefit cost ratio calculated for all the treatments showed that triple layer PICS bag (1.27) at 6 months storage period has highest benefit cost ratio followed by triple layer PICS bag (1.06) at 4 months storage period and triple layer PICS bag at 2 months storage. Even the initial bag cost in case of triple layer PICS bag is high the produce stored in triple layer PICS bag is superior in quality and which has least bruchid damage fetches premium price in the market. The respiratory quotient (RQ) calculated revealed that a single bruchid for completing life cycle from egg to pupal stage used 39.97 ml of oxygen and 26.21 ml of carbon dioxide simultaneously. The conditions in triple layer PICS bag were less than RQ at all stages with less than critical oxygen levels required for bruchid survival.
From the present investigation it is concluded that the triple layer PICS bags hermetic technology is efficient in managing moisture content (%), germination per cent, test weight compared to other bags over periods of storage. They are also highly useful for retaining carbohydrate (%) and protein (%) at almost same levels compared to initial values
The use of triple layer PICS bag as improved storage practice by creating hypercarbia and hypoxia and maintaining same temperature highly useful in controlling pulse beetle over six months of storage period. The chemical free triple layer PICS bag technology can be efficiently used for long term storage of produce and the bags can be used for multiple times over seasons.
Description
From the present investigation it is concluded that the triple layer PICS bags hermetic technology is efficient in managing moisture content (%), germination per cent, test weight compared to other bags over periods of storage. They are also highly useful for retaining carbohydrate (%) and protein (%) at almost same levels compared to initial values
The use of triple layer PICS bag as improved storage practice by creating hypercarbia and hypoxia and maintaining same temperature highly useful in controlling pulse beetle over six months of storage period. The chemical free triple layer PICS bag technology can be efficiently used for long term storage of produce and the bags can be used for multiple times over seasons.
Keywords
null
Citation
Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30