EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND BIO-FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD, QUALITY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PESTS IN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Cv. ARKA ANAMIKA
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Date
2018-06-21
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College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, HYD-30
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2017-18 to study the “Effect of organic manures and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield, quality and population dynamics of pests in okra Cv. Arka Anamika at vegetable research station, Sri Konda laxman telangana state horticultural university, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replicated 10 treatments viz., T1 -FYM (20 t ha-1 ),T2 -FYM (20 t ha-1) + AMC ( 12.5 Kg ha-1 ),T3 -VC (5 t ha-1) ,T4 -VC (5 t ha-1) + AMC ( 12.5 Kg ha-1),T5 - NC (500 Kg ha-1),T6 -NC (500 Kg ha-1) + AMC (12.5 Kg ha-1),T7 - PM (5 t ha- 1) ,T8 - PM (5 t ha-1) + AMC (12.5 Kg ha-1),T9-FYM (5t ha-1) + VC (1.25 Kg ha-
1) + NC ( 125 Kg ha-1) + PM (1.25Kg ha1)T10 -FYM (5t ha-1) + VC ( 1.25 Kg ha-1)
+ NC ( 125 Kg ha-1) + PM (1.25 Kg ha-1) + AMC (12.5 Kg ha-1).The data was recorded on parameters like Days to flowering, days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm at maturity), number of branches per plant at maturity, fresh weight of plant , dry matter yield of plant, dry matter yield of fruits, leaf area at flowering, chlorophyll content (mg/100g) , number of fruits per plant, length of fruit(cm), girth of fruit (mm), weight of fruit per plant (g), moisture percentage (%), fruit yield /plant (kg/ plant), total fruit yield (t/ha), crude fibre percentage, crude protein percentage, N, P, K analysis in plant and soil.
The results of the present investigation demonstrated that the growth parameters of okra crop influenced by different organic manures, bio fertilizers and their combinations. The least number of days taken for intiation of flowering and 50 % flowering was recorded in T4(41.00 days) with vermicompost (5t ha-1)
+ Arka microbial consortium (12.5 kg ha-1) followed by T3 (43.00 days) with vermicompost (5t ha-1). The highest number of days taken for intiation of flowering and 50% flowering was recorded in T5 (52.0 days) with neem cake
(500 kg ha-1) followed by T6 (50.00 days) with neem cake (500 kg ha-1) + Arka microbial consortium (12.5 kg ha-1).
The highest plant height, number of branches, fresh and dry weight of plant, dry matter yield of fruits, leaf area at flowering and chlorophyll content at flowering, Number of fruits per plant, length of fruit(cm), girth of fruit (mm) weight of fruit per plant (g), moisture percentage (%), fruit yield /plant (kg/ plant), total fruit yield (t ha-1), crude fibre percentage, crude protein percentage and N ,P,K percentage in plant and soil were recorded highest in T10 treatment with farmyard manure (20t ha-1) + vermicompost (5t ha-1) + neem cake (5t ha-1) + poultry manure (5t ha-1)and arka microbial consortium (12.5 kg ha-1) followed by T9 FYM (5t ha-1) + VC (1.25 Kg ha-1) + NC ( 125 Kg ha-1) + PM (1.25Kg ha1).
The lowest results were recorded with T7 PM (5 t ha-1).
The results of the present investigation demonstrated that among different organic manures tried, the combination of different organic manures like FYM, Vermicompost, Neem cake, Poultry manure with combination of Arka microbial consortium can be considered as the best treatment for obtaining higher growth and pod yield. Better quality of okra was also obtained with combination of different organic manures and Arka microbial consortium. Under organic cultivation of okra, for obtaining maximum net returns and benefit cost ratio FYM, Vermicompost, Neem cake, Poultry manure with combination of Arka microbial consortium may be used as organic source of nutrients.
From the above experiment it can be concluded that if premium price is available, farmers can go for organic farming of okra considering its beneficial effects on soil health and environment besides sustainability.
The study was also conducted on population dyanamics of pests of okra. The incidence of whitefly, jassids and shoot and fruit borer was observed.The correlation between maximum temperature and whitefly incidence indicated a positive non- significant relationship and the maximum relative humidity has a negative significant correlation and minimum relative humidity showed a positive significant correlation on whitefly incidence. The correlation between rainfall, sunshine hours, and whitefly was negative non-significant effect.
Both the maximum temperature and minimum temperature were positively correlated with the population build up of jassids. Rainfall has shown positive influence on the population build up of jassids where as sunshine hours has shown negative correlation and non significant.
The correlation between minimum temperature and shoot and fruit borer incidence indicated a negative significant relationship where as maximum relative humidity exerted a positive significant correlation. The correlation between rainfall, sunshine hours and shoot and fruit borer larval incidence was positively non -significant.
The coefficient of determination value indicated that meterological parameters could influence the variation in the population of whitefly, jassids and borers.
Description
The study was also conducted on population dyanamics of pests of okra. The incidence of whitefly, jassids and shoot and fruit borer was observed.The correlation between maximum temperature and whitefly incidence indicated a positive non- significant relationship and the maximum relative humidity has a negative significant correlation and minimum relative humidity showed a positive significant correlation on whitefly incidence. The correlation between rainfall, sunshine hours, and whitefly was negative non-significant effect.
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Citation
Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30