GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN CLUSTER BEAN (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.Taub)
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Date
2017-08-11
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College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, HYD-30
Abstract
A field investigation entitled“GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN CLUSTERBEAN (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub)” was carried out to estimate genetic divergence, variability parameters and yield component analysis through correlation and path analysis. Fifty one genotypes of cluster bean including one checkwas evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications during Summer,2017 at PG Research Block, PG Research Block, PG Research Block, PG Research Block, PG Research Block, PG Research Block, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyd College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar,Hyd College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar,Hyd College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar,Hyd College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar,Hyd College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar,HydCollege of Horticulture, Rajendranagar,Hyd College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar,HydCollege of Horticulture, Rajendranagar,Hyd College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar,HydCollege of Horticulture, Rajendranagar,Hyd -30 .The main objective of the experiment was to identify divergent genotypes to use as donor parents in hybridization programmes.
The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between genotypes indicating presence of sufficient amount of variability among them for the 16 characters studied. Wide range of variability was observed for pod yield per plant(3827.64), plant height (1049.31) and number of pods per plant(666.74) indicating the scope for selection based on these parameters for further improvement.
On the basis of mean performance, onegenotypei.e., IC-103295 was found superior over the check variety Pusa NavaBahar forpod yield per plant(198.40g), number of branches per plant (9),number of podsper plant (91), plant height (114.55cm), number of clusters per plant (20) and high pod width (10mm)followed by IC-34344 which was found significantly superior over the check variety Pusa Nava Baharwith respect to pod yieldper plant (176.40g), number of podsper plant (90),days to
first flowering (29) and pod length (10.50cm) and pod width (10.60cm) .Hence thesegermplasm can be used in further breeding programs and may be released as variety there after multi locational trails.
Two cluster bean genotypes viz., IC-9077 P1 (33.10%) and IC-103295 (33.03%) exhibited significantly high gum content compared with check variety Pusa Nava Bahar (26.50).
Mahalanobis D2 statistical analysisrevealed that pod girth (3662.75), protein content (2439.22) and fibre content (1011.76) and gum content (1011.76) contributed maximum towardsgenetic divergence. Fifty one genotypes were partitioned into seven clusters based on Tocher’s method. Maximum divergence was observed between cluster II andIV (D2=12831.17), while minimum was observed between cluster V and cluster VI (1476.78). The maximum intra cluster distance was shown by cluster II (D2=1459.27).
The clusters showing high genetic divergence could be effectively utilized in heterosis breeding programme. If a breeding programme is used at improving gum content, cluster VI(IC-140791) showing maximum gum content (33.10%)can be utilized in breeding programme.
GA as percent of mean, GCV and PCV values wereat par with each other for most of the characters which indicated that the influence of the environment on the trait (s) was very negligible. The recorded values were not influenced by the environment. It is a true reflection of the homeostasis effect or buffer reaction of the gene. Thus, the true reflection of the trait is exhibited.
A true agreement with the GCV and PCV values in the present investigation for the 16 characters was noticed, indicating additive genetic variance governing the high heritability with high genetic advance as percent of mean. Thus, a breeder can employ a simple selection process which will be a rewarding one to improve the characters viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod girth, pod weight, number of seeds per pod, pod yield per plant, pod yield per hectare, protein content, gum content and fibrecontent. Moderate heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for days to first flowering and days to 50% flowering indicates non additive action controlling the traits.
From correlation studies, it was observed that pod yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive association with plant height (0.5202), number of branches per plant (0.5576), number of clusters per plant (0.7312), number of pods per cluster(0.4322), number of pods per plant (0.7372), pod length (0.8189), pod girth (0.6107), pod weight (0.7847) ,number of seeds per pod (0.3573), pod yield per hectare(1.0000)), protein content(0.2465), gum content (0.5068) and fibre content (0.1349).
Path analysis revealed that maximum positive and direct effect on pod yield per plant was exhibited through pod weight (0.0033) followed by number of pods per plant (0.0029).
Cluster bean genotypes exhibited high variability for all qualitative traits viz., plant growth characters, flower characters, pod characters and seed characters. Therefore, it is emphasized to lay attention on the traits like number of podsper plant, pod weight, pod length,proteincontent and gum content. However, which are highly heritable canused in crop improvement programme of cluster bean in future
Considering mean performance, heritability, variability, genetic advance as percent of mean and correlation analysis, two genotypes i.e.IC-103295 and IC-34344 are identified as most promising and may be utilized after multi locational trialsfor further yield exploitations as they are attributed with high mean performance with many useful genes for majority of traits studied.
Description
The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between genotypes indicating presence of sufficient amount of variability among them for the 16 characters studied. Wide range of variability was observed for pod yield per plant(3827.64), plant height (1049.31) and number of pods per plant(666.74) indicating the scope for selection based on these parameters for further improvement.
On the basis of mean performance, onegenotypei.e., IC-103295 was found superior over the check variety Pusa NavaBahar forpod yield per plant(198.40g), number of branches per plant (9),number of podsper plant (91), plant height (114.55cm), number of clusters per plant (20) and high pod width (10mm)followed by IC-34344 which was found significantly superior over the check variety Pusa Nava Baharwith respect to pod yieldper plant (176.40g), number of podsper plant (90),days to
first flowering (29) and pod length (10.50cm) and pod width (10.60cm) .Hence thesegermplasm can be used in further breeding programs and may be released as variety there after multi locational trails.
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Citation
Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30