Economic analysis and impact assessment of dry land technologies for rabi sorghum in marathwada region
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Date
2019-05-31
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Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
Abstract
Rainfed agriculture in India has been practiced since time immemorial. Indian agriculture is often characterized as a gamble with the monsoon. A combination of location, rainfall and other climatic factors has rendered rainfed agriculture a low productive activity in India. Sorghum is an important world crop, used for food (as grain and in sorghum syrup or "sorghum molasses"), fodder, the production of alcoholic beverages, as well as bio fuels. Most varieties are drought and heat tolerant, and are especially important in arid regions, where the grain is staple or one of the staples for poor and rural people. They form an important component of pastures in many tropical regions.
The HOPE project of rabi sorghum is being implemented in three districts viz; Beed, Parbhani and Jalna of the state as the area under rabi sorghum is more concentrated in these district. The topic is selected under HOPE project. Hence, this district viz; Beed, Parbhani and Jalna was purposively selected. Two villages from each cluster will be selected on the basis area under Rabi sorghum. In all 6 villages (2 from each cluster) will select from Parbhani, Beed, Jalna district. The list of farmers selected under HOPE project was obtained from the sorghum breeder for the year 2017-18. 90 farmers will be randomly selected including 30 small, 30 medium and 30 large farmers. 10 farmers from each size group from each district will be selected. Thus, the total sample comprised of 90 sample farm. The classification of farmers on the basis of size of land holding as less than 5 acre, 5.01 to 10 acre and above 10 acre were considered as small, medium and large farmers
The information on the area covered under adoption of technologies such as high yielding varieties, manures, fertilizers, plant population, plant protection, physical quantities of key inputs etc was required for estimation of technology adoption level. The HOPE project of rabi sorghum is being implemented in three districts viz; Beed, Parbhani and Jalna of the state as the area under rabi sorghum is more concentrated in these district. The topic is selected under HOPE project. Hence, this district viz; Beed, Parbhani and Jalna was purposively selected. Per hectare input use level and output produced for rabi Sorghum have been worked out under dryland for the different sized farm of the farmers in order to know the resource use structure and resource use efficiency under dryland condition.
The average age of the rabi sorghum grower was 32 years. This indicated that, rabi sorghum growers were in adult. The educational status was evaluated which shows 4.44 per cent rabi sorghum growers were illiterate. It is revealed from Table 4.1 that, 4.44 per cent respondent were post graduate level, 6.66 per cent were primary school level,6.66 per cent were high school, 10 per cent were at college level, 27.77 per cent at SSC level, 40 per cent at HSC level. This indicated that the rabi sorghum growers in the study area were educated, upto HSC level. the area under rabi sorghum fluctuated widely among the district and Marathwada. It was mainly due to the other competing crops like gram, wheat for rabi sorghum. Farmers cultivate rabi sorghum crop where there is no option for irrigation and farmers are more relay on fodder than that of grain as livestock is the major component of the area.
Large size group farmers adopted the dry land technologies for rabi sorghum viz., preparation of bed, sowing time, spacing, thinning, mulching, hoeing and weeding to the greater extent than that medium and small farmers. The technology of proper harvesting, threshing, cleaning and storing have adopted by 100 per cent farmers in all the size groups. All the farmers under study are very reluctant to adopt the dry land technology of rabi sorghum except improved seed rate and seed treatment. Other important dry land technologies viz., thinning, mulching, bed preparation were not followed by the farmers to fuller extent
The farmers should adopt the dry land technologies for rabi sorghum to the fuller extent for maximizing returns and minimizing per unit cost. The data indicated that, 91.11 per cent of the selected farmers faced the constraint of moisture stress. Other problems mentioned by the farmers were non-availability of quality seed (38 per cent), labour shortage (78 per cent), shortage of fertilizer and FYM (63 per cent), lack to access credit (55.23 per cent), low market price (45 per cent), lack of technical knowhow (56.66 per cent), poor extension support (33.33 per cent).
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