GENETICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES IN UNDERUTILIZED Alliums.
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Date
2019
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.)
Abstract
The genus Allium considered under the family Alliaceae, is one of the largest genera of more than 700 species distributed throughout the world. Indian gene centre is fairly rich in wild species (about 30) mostly confined to Himalayas. Wild Allium species are the good source of biologically active phytomolecules, including organosulphur compounds, phenolic acids, flavonols, vitamins and nutrients. Evaluation and characterization provide authentic and efficient tool of information to avail genetic variability and to amplify the utilization of germplasm. Keeping these informations in view, the present experiment was done with following objectives (i) To characterize diverse genotypes on morphological and biochemical basis.(ii) To study the variability in the existing genotypes (iii) To establish inter relationship among various attributes under study. The study was accomplished by using 40 Allium genotypes laid out in RBD in three replications at ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune, Maharashtra, during Rabi 2017-18. The observations recorded are plant height, No. of leaves per plant, leaf length, pseudo stem diameter and pseudo stem length, for physiological and biochemical traits such as (Chlorophyll content, phenol content, Ascorbic acid ,flavanoids content, and pyruvic acid content, total sugars, reducing sugars). The finding showed that sufficient amount of genetic variability was present among the Allium genotypes which provide abundant scope for selection of promising genotypes under study. Allium tuberosum kazakhistan All-1587 was the highest yielder (19.38t/ha). Allium macranthum NMK-3232 was the superior in terms of total phenolic content (9.92mg/g) and total flavonoid content was highest in Allium macranthum NMK-3243(3.57mg/g). The maximum pyruvic acid content was recorded in Allium macranthum NMK-3236 (54.15µg/g) and ascorbic acid in Allium tuberosum NMK-3207 (22.22mg/g). Total sugars were found higher in Allium chainensis NG-3165 (393.9mg/g). Reducing sugar and non reducing sugar were recorded maximum in Allium chainensis NG-3165 (361.3mg/g) and Allium chainensis NMK-3247 (101.86mg/g) respectively. The maximum allicin were recorded inAllium tuberosum EC-607483 (9.23mg/g).Allium tuberosum MKG-88 showed significantly highest sulphur content (1.49%).All morphological and biochemical characters were found significantly different within treatments. Total yield had significant positive correlation with sulphur content. Leaf length revealed high significant positive correlation with leaf width & total yield. Phenol content showed high significant positive correlation with TSS and allicin. It also exhibited significant positive correlation with flavonoids, and pyruvic acid as well. Underutilized Allium species viz. Allium angulosum, Allium macaranthum, Allium chinansis, Allium tubersosum are the good source of biochemical compounds. These compounds contribute to the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Identified genotypes can be utilized in further breeding programmes for crop improvement.
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