CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF NATIVE RHIZOBIUM OF LATHYRUS, GREEN GRAM, CHICKPEA AND BLACK GRAM
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Date
2019
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.)
Abstract
A study was conducted in 2018-2019 to characterize and evaluate Rhizobium isolates of Lathyrus, green gram, chickpea and black gram in order to enhance the legume Rhizobium symbiosis as well to increase the crop productivity. In this connection, all the isolates were characterized biochemically and tested with N-free sand culture grown in above mentioned different legumes in the Department of Agril. Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya,Raipur, to select effective native Rhizobium isolates through systematic screening in the present investigation on “Characterization and evaluation of native Rhizobium of Lathyrus, Green gram, Chickpea and Green gram.”
Initially 10 isolates of each crop (Lathyrus, green gram, chickpea and black gram) were collected from the repository of Department of Agril. Microbiology,IGKV, Raipur. Further they were qualitatively tested for presence of root nodule forming Rhizobium and out of 10 isolates,4 isolates were selected on the basis of their growth performance and purity of the culture, then after selected 4 isolates were characterized for by Gram staining, Indole-production test, MR-VP test, Citrate utilization test, Catalase test, Urease test, Triple sugar Iron agar test, Gelatin liquefaction test, Starch hydrolysis and finally tested for nodulation behavior and biological nitrogen fixation under controlled conditions
Upon exposure to different biochemical tests, all the isolates of Rhizobium showed gram negative reaction and similarly, negative results for indole production,catalase and voges-proskauer test.Positive results were observed for citrate utilization. Most of isolates could not liquefy gelatin except isolate no. 3711 of Lathyrus and isolate no. 1185 of green gram. Negative results were obtained for starch hydrolysis except isolate no. 1185 of green gram, isolate no. 1068 of chickpea and isolate no.3533 of black gram. Most of the isolates of Rhizobium were urease positive except isolate no. 494 of Lathyrus and isolate no. 191 of chickpea. Upon triple sugar iron agar test there was no carbohydrate fermentation in all the rhizobial isolates except isolate no. 3711 of Lathyrus which only indicated glucose fermentation. The antibiotics streptomycin (10µg/disc) and tetracycline (30µg/disc) had inhibitory effect in all the isolates of Rhizobium.
Keeping in view of the findings related to BNF parameters like accumulation of biomass and nitrogen, performance of native Rhizobium isolate no. 3693 of Lathyrus, isolate no. 257 of green gram, isolate no. 98 of chickpea and isolate no. 3533 of black gram were found to superior among all rhizobial isolates taken for study. These isolates accumulated 3.457, 5.495, 4.941 and 2.845 mg/plant extra amount of atmospheric nitrogen over uninoculated control plant, respectively. Results of the Rhizobium population dynamics studies also supported the effectiveness of the native rhizobial isolate no. 3693 of Lathyrus, isolate no. 257 of green gram, isolate no. 98 of chickpea and isolate no. 3533 of black gram. Hence, it was concluded that these native isolates may be the most effective nitrogen fixer for Lathyrus, green gram, chickpea and black gram cultivation under agro-climatic conditions of Chhattisgarh.
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