Taluka wise study of rainfall and cropping pattern in nanded district of marathwada region (maharashtra)
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Date
2019-07-24
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Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
Abstract
The research work was conducted on “Talukawise Study of Rainfall and Cropping Pattern in Nanded District of Marathwada Region (Maharashtra)” during 2018-19. The historical daily data of rainfall at each taluka of Nanded district was collected for 20 years (1998-2017) from http://www. Mahaagri.gov.in and District supritending Agriculture Office of Nanded district. The collected rainfall data were categorized as annual, seasonal, monthly and weekly basis for the study of rainfall characterization.
The intra-taluka weekly mean annual basis total rainfall was ranged between 720.0 mm in Deglur and 1009.9 mm in Mahur taluka. Onset of monsoon in Nanded district was observed in 23rd MW and withdrawal of monsoon was observed in 43rd MW. Monthly mean lowest rainfall amongst all the taluka was noticed in Nanded, Kandhar, Loha, Hadgaon, Bhokar, Kinwat, Mahur, Dharmabad, Ardhapur and Naigaon (0.0 mm) in the month of December month and highest rainfall was noticed in Mahur (283.1 mm) in the month of July. The highest monthly mean rainy days amongst all the taluka was recorded in Himayat Nagar taluka only (15.5 rainy days) in July month and lowest was recorded in Nanded, Kandhar, Loha, Hadgaon, Bhokar, Kinwat, Mahur, Dharmabad, Ardhapur and Naigaon taluka (0.0 rainy day) in December month. The seasonal rainfall distribution of Nanded district obtained in winter season as 6.1 mm (1.97 %), in summer season 15.5 mm (3.72 %), in monsoon season 578.3 mm (82.98 %) and in post-monsoon season 216.6 mm (19.78 %). The highest rainfall in monsoon season was recorded in Mahur taluka (780.8 mm). In Nanded district the annual mean rainfall was recorded as 816.4 mm which prevailed in 45.0 rainy day per year.
The taluka to taluka correlation between rainfall, rainy days and yield of pigeon pea showed significant result, but it was found non-significant in cotton and soybean due to changing cropped area as well as seasonal weather condition. While, it showed significant correlation with rainy days in all crops (Viz. cotton, pigeon pea and soybean). It means that seasonal as well as weekly basis and block level geographically rainfall and rainy days play a vital role in growth, development and production of cotton, pigeon pea and soybean. Hence, rainfall variability analysis on block level is essential to find out maximum interaction between rainfall and yield of major crops.
In Nanded district, Biloli taluka come under low rainfall region where in light soils, pearl millet, niger, horse gram, green gram, black gram, sesamum, ber and custard apple etc. crop are suggested and in medium soils of Biloli and Deglur taluka cotton under protective irrigation, pigeon pea, sunflower, custard apple etc. crops are suggested and in heavy soils part of biloli and Deglur taluka, rabi sorghum, cotton, pigeon pea and sugar cane under micro irrigation are suggested. Whereas, Hadgaon, Bhokar and Himayat nagar talukas come uder moderate rainfall region, where for light soils; cropping pattern is pearl millet, green gram, sesamum, niger, linseed, custard apple and jamun. For medium soils of Nanded, Mukhed, Kandhar, Loha and Naigaon taluka, cropping pattern is soybean, cotton, rabi sorghum undfr irrigation facility, safflower and green gram –wheat; whereas, heavy soils of Mudkhed, Dharmabad, Umri and Ardhapur taluka, cropping pattern suggested in cotton, pigeon pea, maize-wheat, sorghum-gram, cotton-wheat, cotton-gram, soybean and sugarcane under micro irrigation facility (Anonymous 2017-18).
On the other hand, Mahur and Kinwat taluka come under assured rainfall region. In light soil of Mahur and Kinwat, cropping pattern suggested is pearl millet, green gram, black gram and niger , while in medium soil of part of Kinwat taluka, soybean, rabi sorghum, soybean-gram and pigeon pea crop are suggested. Whereas, in heavy soils of part of Kinwat and Mahur taluka taluka, cropping pattern suggested is cotton, pigeon pea, soybean, wheat, maize-gram. Maize-safflower, green gram-rabi sorghum and sugarcane under micro irrigation facility.
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