Proteome analysis of organically grown yardlong bean (VignaaunguicuIata sub sp. sesquipedalis (L.) verdcourt

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Date
2016
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Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara
Abstract
The term „organic‟ is gaining more and more popularity these days. This rapid growth may be traced to increased consumer confidence in organic foods as well as to the concern about the possible health risks and environmental impacts of inorganic food production methods. Even though the world carries so much of perceptions regarding the quality of organic foods, the scientific backing is missing for most of these assumptions. The study entitled „Proteome analysis of organically grown yardlong bean [Vigna unguiculata sub sp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt]‟ aimed at comparing organically and inorganically grown yardlong beans in terms of protein and amino acid expression through 2-dimensional proteome analysis (2DE). Seeds of yardlong bean „Sharika‟ were sown, in plots each of 40 m 2 area. The nutrient status of organic and inorganic plot was assessed prior to the study. At two stages of crop growth i.e. at two months after sowing and four months after sowing, immature pods were analysed for their nutrient status. Among the pods of two plots, prominent variation was observed in the levels of iron and manganese. In organoleptic analysis, 22 judges have evaluated the organic and inorganic produce with a 9 point hedonic scale. Mann-Whitney test of these data revealed that there is no significant difference between the organic and inorganic produce. Freshly harvested pods were used for the extraction of protein using TCA/acetone buffer. This powdered sample was then solubilized in lysis buffer, which was used for further analysis. Protein concentration was estimated using Lowry‟s method. The samples with good quantity of protein for all the four category .i.e, immature pods from inorganic and organic plot (C1 and C2) and mature pods from inorganic and organic plot (C3 and C4), were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Since there was no differential bands observed between pods from inorganic and organic plot, the samples were subjected to 2DE. Eight differential and two upregulated spots and one downregulated spot were identified whilecomparing the gels of inorganic and organic samples. These spots were then excised and characterized using MALDI-ToF/MS through outsourcing. Data from MALDI-ToF/MS was used as query for mascot search. Mascot search of some spots yielded only hypothetical and uncharacterized proteins, so these proteins were used as query for BLASTp and SmartBLAST analyses. Mascot results have suggests that a protein, aldehyde dehydrogenase family 2 member C4-like, which is involved in ferulic acid and sinapic acid biosynthesis, is present in the mature pods from both the plots but is upregulated in organic produce. Another protein trans-resveratrol di-O-methyltransferase-like is present in immature pods from inorganic plot, which catalyses the biosynthesis of pterostilbene. Pterostilbene has antifungal, antioxidant and pharmacological properties. This study concludes that there is no significant difference in the organoleptic properties between organic and inorganic produce and similarly there is no much difference in the protein profile except that the inorganic produce consisted of two proteins that are involved in biosynthesis of antioxidants, whereas, in the organic produce, only one protein was identified to be involved in the biosynthesis of antioxidants.
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