ANALYSIS OF HOT AMBIENCE ASSOCIATED ALTERATIONS IN LIVER ENZYMES OF PATHWAYS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN NON-DESCRIPT GOAT FROM ARID TRACTS

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Date
2018
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Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner
Abstract
Analysis of hot ambience associated alterations in liver enzymes of pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in non-descript goat from arid tracts was carried out in the present investigation. Liver sample were collected from male and female non-descript goat ageing from 3 to 12 months during mild (months of October and November) and extreme hot (May, June and July) ambiences from private slaughter houses. The male and female animals were categorized as 3-6 months; 6-9 months and 9-12 months of age groups in each ambience. To accomplish the objectives of the investigation, enzymes of pathways of carbohydrate metabolism (hexose monophosphate shunt, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, TCA cycle and miscellaneous metabolic reactions ) and glycogen were measured in the liver during mild and extreme hot ambiences. The enzymes incorporated in the study were glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH); glucose-6-phosphatase (Glc-6Pase); phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK); aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT); aldolase (ALD); hexokinase (HK); phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI); glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH); pyruvate kinase (PK); isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH); malate dehydrogenase (MDH); lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH). Control mean value was obtained during mild ambience for each parameter. Then the mean value obtained during extreme hot ambience was compared from respective control value of the analyte. Supervision of the effect of sex and age group was also determined. Per cent changes in analytes during extreme hot ambience were calculated to analyze the hot ambience associated alterations in liver enzymes of pathways of carbohydrate metabolism. Interactions of sex X age group; ambiences X sex; ambiences X age groups; ambiences X sex X age groups for enzymes of pathways of carbohydrate metabolism and glycogen in the liver were calculated and were found to be highly significant (p≤0.01) divulging the supremacy of impacts in each group. ii A significant (p≤0.05) rise in the mean values of all liver enzymes was observed during extreme hot ambience as compared to respective mild ambience mean value except for GAPDH and PK, which revealed a significant (p≤0.05) decline in the mean values. Liver glycogen also divulged a significant (p≤0.05) decline in the mean value. For each parameter, significant (p≤0.05) differences in the mean values between male and female non-descript goat instituted that sex effect was dominant. Maximum per cent change in the mean value of each parameter during extreme hot ambience was observed for the male nondescript goat. Illustration of changes in the values of parameters of enzymes of pathways of carbohydrate metabolism indicated the presence of modulation in the carbohydrate metabolism of a fairly higher magnitude in male goats. Maximum change (+361.63%) was observed in the mean value of PEPCK enzyme. Higher to lower per cent changes in the activities of enzymes revealed the order as PEPCK, GDH, SDH, Glc-6-Pase, HK, ALD, ALT, G6PDH, AST, LDH, ICDH, PGI, MDH, GAPDH and PK. Maximum per cent change in PEPCK activity lucidly revealed the activation of pathway representing gluconeogenesis to produce more glucose to tackle the impact of extreme hot ambience. Results of the present study revealed that extreme hot ambience changed all the pathways of carbohydrates but maximum activation was noticed in gluconeogenesis revealing gluconeogenic capacity of the goats. It was deduced that liver functions were modulated owing to changes in ambience influencing the animals of both sexes and different age groups. Conversely, the influences were evaluated to be more in male goats and in animals of 3-6 months of age group. Results of the present study attempted to institute standardized values for the enzymes of pathways of carbohydrate metabolism during mild and hot ambiences. Quantitative details of many facets of carbohydrate metabolism were endevoured through some important enzymes regulating imperative pathways of carbohydrate metabolism at one platform in non-descript goat. The present study is possibly the first to institute comprehensive values of many liver tissue enzymes of carbohydrate pathways viz. PEPCK, Glc-6-Pase, AST, ALT, HK, PGI, ALD, GAPDH, PK, G6PDH, ICDH, MDH, LDH, GDH and SDH at one platform. An understanding of metabolic turnover of carbohydrate metabolism through liver enzymes will assist in healthier management of the goats in arid tracts. Further the upshots of the investigation can assist in framing composed ration along with proposals for supplementations.
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