Screening banana (Musa sp.) varieties for leaf production
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Date
2004
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Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani
Abstract
The present investigations on 'Screening banana (Musa sp.)
varieties for leaf production' was carried out at the Department of
Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram
during 2002-2003 to evaluate the changes in leaf production pattern of
banana varieties due to leaf pruning and to select banana varieties for
commercial leaf production. Molecular characterization (RAPD
analysis) of banana varieties was also carried out to obtain preliminary
information on the genetic makeup of the varieties evaluated.
Studies revealed that the plant height and girth were affected by
the interaction effect of leaf pruning and the varieties. Elavazhai,
Palayankodan and Karpooravalli were less adversely affected when
alternate leaves were pruned seven days after unfurling. Plant height and
girth were higher with less severe pruning treatments.
The leaf emission rate was affected by the interaction effect of
leaf pruning and varieties. Elavazhai, Palayankodan, Njalipoovan and
Vayalvazhai had higher leaf emission rate when all the leaves were
pruned seven days after unfurling. In general, pruning all the leaves
resulted in higher leaf emission rate.
The total leaf production, number of harvested leaves, and the
number of marketable leaves were affected by the interaction effect of
leaf pruning and the varieties. Leaf pruning in general increased the
total leaf production, number of harvested leaves and number of
marketable leaves. Elavazhai, Palyankodan and Njalipoovan attained
higher leaf production, number of harvested leaves and marketable
leaves when all leaves were pruned seven days after unfurling.
The leaf length was not affected by the interaction effect of leaf
pruning and the varieties. Karpooravalli, Elavazhai, Monthan,
Njalipoovan and Palayankodan had produced the lengthiest leaves.
The leaf breadth and leaf thickness were not affected by the
interaction effect of leaf pruning and the varieties. Elavazhai,
Vayalvazhai, Monthan and Karpooravalli had the highest leaf breadth
while Elavazhai, Vayalvazhai, Monthan and Karpooravalli had more leaf
thickness.
The leaf area index was affected by the interaction effect of leaf
pruning and the varieties. Elavazhai, and Karpooravalli had the highest
leaf area index.
The duration of leaf harvest was affected by the interaction effect
of leaf pruning and the varieties. In general, pruning of leaves resulted
in higher duration. Karpooravalli, Palayankodan and Njalipoovan, had
the higher duration while Vayalvazhai and Monthan had the lowest
duration.
The occurrence of bunchy top disease was not influenced with the
interaction effect of leaf pruning and the varieties. Njalipoovan and
Palayankodan were affected by the disease.
The occurrence of leaf spot disease was not influenced by the
interaction effect of leaf pruning and the varieties.
The occurrence of rhizome weevil was not affected by the
interaction effect of leaf pruning and the varieties. However,
Njalipoovan was affected by rhizome weevil while other varieties were
not affected.
The interaction effect of' varieties and leaf pruning indicated that,
pruning all the leaves seven days after unfurling was most profitable
when income from both leaf and bunch were considered.
The studies indicated that banana varieties Elavazhai,
Palayankodan and Njalipoovan were suitable for leaf production in
commercial varieties. The practice of pruning all the leaves seven days
after unfurling was economically viable under Kerala conditions.
DNA isolated from six varieties were subjected to RAPD analysis.
Out of the 40 decamer primers screened for RAPD analysis, 32 could
produce amplification. Totally 118 bands (average of 2.95 bands per
primer) by thirty-two primers, of which 97.46 per cent (115 bands) were
poly morphic. Three bands (2.54%) were monomorphic. Eight primers
showed high level of polymorphism viz. OPA-03, OPA-Il, OPA-20,
OPB-06, OPB-07, OPB-IO, OPB-II and OPB-I5 were used for RAPD
analysis of six Musa sp. varieties. These primers yielded 89 scorable
bands with an average of 11.13 bands per primer.
A genetic dissimilarity matrix was constructed using the Jaccard' s
coefficient method and the values ranged from 0.226 to 0.486. The
genetic distance between the varieties ranged from 0.226 to 0.338.
Dendrogram expressed three major clusters. Monthan, Vayalvazhai and
Karpooravalli together formed the largest cluster. Within this cluster,
Vayalvazhai and Karpooravalli were more close to each other.
Palayankodan and Njalipoovan formed another cluster. Elavazhai
formed a separate cluster, which was generally distinct from all other
clones.
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Citation
172343