MORPHOLOGICAL, NUTRITIONAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF RAINBOW CARROTS (Daucus carota L.) AND THEIR PHYLOGENETIC ASSESSMENT
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Date
2018-08
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University of Horticultural Sciences , Bagalkot
Abstract
An investigation by utilizing the twenty one carrot genotypes representing
seven root colors viz., dark orange, light orange, red, yellow, purple, black and pink
was conducted at College of horticulture, Bagalkot during 2017-18 in a randomized
complete block design with three replications. The objective of the study was to
assess the genetic variability, heritability and correlation for 18 morphological
(quantitative and qualitative) and 15 nutritional parameters including micro, macro
nutrients, β-carotene and TSS. A total of 45 different molecular markers were also
used to understand the phylogenetic relationship of seven root colours of carrot.
Frequency distribution showed coarse textured, low hairiness in most of the
genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation for all the quantitative
traits and 13 nutritional traits and genetic variability estimates (GCV and PCV)
showed higher variability among the 21 genotypes indicating their utility for future
breeding. Higher heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for plot
yield, five roots weight, number of petioles and most of the nutritional components.
Genotypes viz., UHSBC-32-2, UHSBC-53-2 showed superior performance for five
roots weight, root width, root length and root weight. UHSBC-17, UHSBC-66-1,
UHSBC-42-1, UHSBC-28-1 were superior for β-carotene, iron, copper, manganese,
potassium and sodium while UHSBC-100 and UHSBC-117 showed superiority for
both. Yellow, orange and red carrots showed significantly superior performance for
both morphological and nutritional traits.
Correlation studies revealed positive correlation for root yield with phloem
width, root weight etc; among nutritional parameters, strong negative correlation was
observed for TSS with calcium and protein, calcium with iron and β-carotene. Shoot
weight, root weight, xylem width showed negative association with phosphorous,
indicating the strategies to be followed for transfer of these traits.
Molecular profiling of 45 polymorphic markers across 21 genotypes identified
165 alleles with PIC value ranging from 0.05 (Y-indel) to 0.83 (GSSR-154 and
BSSR-94) and average number of alleles of 3.67 per locus. Across 7 colors, highest
number of private alleles was detected for yellow carrots. Genetic diversity analysis
using Darwin 6.0 showed 3 clusters across 21 genotypes, whereas, color wise
phylogenetic analysis clustered seven colours into 2 groups. AMOVA showed greater
genetic variation among individual genotypes within subpopulations (71%) indicating
the possible gene flow among the genotypes of population. Principle Coordinate
Analysis among colours clustered into 3 groups with 100% cumulative percent
variation.
The present study of characterization of multiple colored roots for nutritional
components, morphological and molecular markers would help a breeder to explore
them for breeding or for transfer of important nutrients to orange colored varieties to
increase the nutritive value of these popular varieties.
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