Performance of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss] genotypes under saline conditions
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Date
2019
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to assess the performance of four elite breeding
lines along with the released variety (PBR357) and salinity national check (CS52) of Indian
mustard [Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss] under saline conditions. Two separate
experiments were conducted in the permanent salinity plots maintained in the field of
Department of Soil Sciences with four levels of sodium carbonate (RSC 0, RSC 3, RSC 6.5
and RSC 10 me L-1) and five levels of NaCl (EC 0, EC 3, EC 6, EC 9 and EC 12 dS m-1)
respectively. Flowering and fruiting durations were reduced with salinity levels. PBR 357
took maximum days for flowering and fruiting while JA 108 trailed by JT163 for siliquing.
Reproductive phase was longer in PBR 357 and JT163 maturated in 144 days. Significant
differences existed in the genotypes for the studied physiological traits with salinity levels at
different stages of crop growth. SPAD, LAI, PAR showed declining trend except extinction
coefficient (k) with increased salinity levels at flowering and siliquing stage. Photosynthetic
pigments were highest at flowering stage with more total chlorophyll and carotenoids content
in PBR 357 and CS52.Osmoprotectants and antioxidant molecules however increased with
increase in salinity levels at flowering stage. JT163 and PBR357 possessed higher total
soluble sugars, proline, ascorbate and a-tocopherols as compared to check (CS52).Estimated
ionic content except for Na+ followed a declining trend with enhanced salinity. Na+/K+ ratio
increasedwhereas K+/Na+ decreased with the increased Na+ ions in the leaves. Ionic content of
the genotypes indicated lower Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio but higher K+ andK+/Na+ associated with
tolerance. Decrease in calcium and magnesium ions resulted in decline in chlorophyll.
Salinity had a profound effect on growth parameters, yield components, seed yield and oil
content. JT 163 registered more number of branches and length of main raceme. Salt stress
affected the seed filling by reducing the developed seeds and enhancing the shriveled seeds.
PBR 357 had higher seed weight, biomass and nitrogen uptake. Two genotypes PBR357 and
JT163 holds promise under saline conditions based on higher seed yield and tolerance index.
Seed yield was positively correlated with tolerance index and negatively with susceptibility
index.
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