WATER AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT STUDIES ON GLADIOLUS (Gladiolus grandiflorus) UNDER DRIP ENVIRONMENT
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Date
2018
Authors
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Publisher
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
Agricultural sector consumes the largest percentage of fresh water to cater the need of food forever increasing population. But the resource like land and water is becoming scares. Therefore, we need to increase the water use efficiency by incorporating the modern drip method of irrigation. One of the ways of alleviating water scarcity is by enhancing its use efficiency or productivity. Improving WUE in agriculture will require an increase in crop water productivity (an increase in marketable crop yield per unit of water used by plant) and reduction in water losses from the crop root zone. Hence the present study was taken to workout water requirement of Gladiolus using pan evaporation approach, to study the soil moisture movement, irrigation water distribution pattern and the most appropriate irrigation and fertigation level in Gladiolus under drip environment.
The experiment on “Water and Nutrient Management Studies on Gladiolus(Gladiolus grandiflorus) under Drip Environment” was carried out at Borsi Farm of DauKalayan Singh College of Agricultural and Research Station, Bhatapara which is a unit of Indira Gandhi KrishiVishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), during Rabi seasonof 2017-2018.The experiment was laid out in a Randomize Block Design. The quality and yield response of Gladiolus to drip irrigation was investigated. The combination of three irrigation levels under drip(I1=0.6 CPE, I2=0.8 CPE, I3=1.0 CPE),three fertigation levels (F1=0.8 RDF, F2=1.0 RDF, F3=1.2 RDF) and one control irrigation (furrow irrigationwith RDF)were taken. Thus total 10 treatmentswere taken.
Horizontal and vertical wetting front advance recorded at elapsed time 30, 60,90,120 and 150 minute were found to be 7.10, 11.50, 14.00,18.20 and 23.00 cm respectively and 17.00, 20.50, 24.00,27.80 and 29.00 cm respectively. Which clearly shows that water front advance is faster in vertical direction than in horizontal direction which is quite similar to results of the studies carried out for sandy loam soil. Uniformity coefficient of the drip irrigation system was worked out as 90 %, showing uniformity in depth of water applied over the area.
Net depth of water applied to Gladiolus crop during the growth period was measured as 182.22 mm,242.96 mmand 454.4mm for drip irrigation levels I1, I2 and I3 respectively. It was measured as303.7 mm for control irrigation. Water saving under different levels of drip irrigationover the control irrigation was measured as 60 %, 47.08 % and 33 % for I1, I2 and I3 respectively.The maximum water use efficiency (72.52%) was found in treatment T1 and fertilizer use efficiency (6.39 kg kg-1) was found in treatmentT1(Treatment combination I1F1).
The soil moisture was maximum in control irrigation and minimum in 0.6 CPE. Among the irrigation levels, maximum moisture content was recorded in control irrigation as 30.15, 30.73 and 30.31 per cent at depths of 15 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm respectively. This is followed by irrigation levels I2 and I3. The minimum soil moisture content was 12.55, 13.20 and 13.20 per cent in 0.6 CPE (I1) at depths of 15 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm respectively.
The different observations on each treatmentwere taken such asthe maximum plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, floral character, corm yield and cormel yield. Treatment T1 (treatment combination I1F1) performed best in terms of all these observations.The treatment T1 was found significantly superior in terms of growth and attaining maximum yield of Gladiolus (110119 spikes ha-1) and (110119 corms ha-1).
The maximum net monetary returns (6,30,261 Rs.ha-1) and maximum B: C ratio (2.51:1) was found in treatment combination I1F1. The present investigations suggest that Gladiolus crop responded well to drip irrigation at 60 percent CPE with application of water soluble fertilizer at 80 percent RDF in the sandy loam soils of Bhatapara distict.
Description
Agricultural sector consumes the largest percentage of fresh water to cater the need of food forever increasing population. But the resource like land and water is becoming scares. Therefore, we need to increase the water use efficiency by incorporating the modern drip method of irrigation. One of the ways of alleviating water scarcity is by enhancing its use efficiency or productivity. Improving WUE in agriculture will require an increase in crop water productivity (an increase in marketable crop yield per unit of water used by plant) and reduction in water losses from the crop root zone. Hence the present study was taken to workout water requirement of Gladiolus using pan evaporation approach, to study the soil moisture movement, irrigation water distribution pattern and the most appropriate irrigation and fertigation level in Gladiolus under drip environment.
The experiment on “Water and Nutrient Management Studies on Gladiolus(Gladiolus grandiflorus) under Drip Environment” was carried out at Borsi Farm of DauKalayan Singh College of Agricultural and Research Station, Bhatapara which is a unit of Indira Gandhi KrishiVishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), during Rabi seasonof 2017-2018.The experiment was laid out in a Randomize Block Design. The quality and yield response of Gladiolus to drip irrigation was investigated. The combination of three irrigation levels under drip(I1=0.6 CPE, I2=0.8 CPE, I3=1.0 CPE),three fertigation levels (F1=0.8 RDF, F2=1.0 RDF, F3=1.2 RDF) and one control irrigation (furrow irrigationwith RDF)were taken. Thus total 10 treatmentswere taken.
Horizontal and vertical wetting front advance recorded at elapsed time 30, 60,90,120 and 150 minute were found to be 7.10, 11.50, 14.00,18.20 and 23.00 cm respectively and 17.00, 20.50, 24.00,27.80 and 29.00 cm respectively. Which clearly shows that water front advance is faster in vertical direction than in horizontal direction which is quite similar to results of the studies carried out for sandy loam soil. Uniformity coefficient of the drip irrigation system was worked out as 90 %, showing uniformity in depth of water applied over the area.
Net depth of water applied to Gladiolus crop during the growth period was measured as 182.22 mm,242.96 mmand 454.4mm for drip irrigation levels I1, I2 and I3 respectively. It was measured as303.7 mm for control irrigation. Water saving under different levels of drip irrigationover the control irrigation was measured as 60 %, 47.08 % and 33 % for I1, I2 and I3 respectively.The maximum water use efficiency (72.52%) was found in treatment T1 and fertilizer use efficiency (6.39 kg kg-1) was found in treatmentT1(Treatment combination I1F1).
The soil moisture was maximum in control irrigation and minimum in 0.6 CPE. Among the irrigation levels, maximum moisture content was recorded in control irrigation as 30.15, 30.73 and 30.31 per cent at depths of 15 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm respectively. This is followed by irrigation levels I2 and I3. The minimum soil moisture content was 12.55, 13.20 and 13.20 per cent in 0.6 CPE (I1) at depths of 15 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm respectively.
The different observations on each treatmentwere taken such asthe maximum plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, floral character, corm yield and cormel yield. Treatment T1 (treatment combination I1F1) performed best in terms of all these observations.The treatment T1 was found significantly superior in terms of growth and attaining maximum yield of Gladiolus (110119 spikes ha-1) and (110119 corms ha-1).
The maximum net monetary returns (6,30,261 Rs.ha-1) and maximum B: C ratio (2.51:1) was found in treatment combination I1F1. The present investigations suggest that Gladiolus crop responded well to drip irrigation at 60 percent CPE with application of water soluble fertilizer at 80 percent RDF in the sandy loam soils of Bhatapara distict.
WATER AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT STUDIES ON GLADIOLUS (Gladiolus grandiflorus) UNDER DRIP ENVIRONMENT
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