WATERSHED BASED LAND AND WATER RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

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Date
2018
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INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA RAIPUR (Chhattisgarh)
Abstract
Watershed is considered as the basic unit for agricultural development. Reliable and timely information on the available natural resources is very much essential to formulate a comprehensive land and water resources plan for sustainable development. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) are the advanced and accurate tools to measure various earth resources and its potentials. Technologies are available to solve many watershed problems. Information system is a computer-based system of integration of database, models and user interface which are programmed for easily interpretable results to aid the decision makers. Cadastral or revenue map is normally a parcel based, and up-to-date land information system containing a record of a piece of land. Cadastral maps shows the relative location of all parcels in a given village. The maps are commonly available in the scale of 1:4000 to 1:10000. Information such as land type, ownership, or use, can be accessed by these unique parcel codes (Khasra numbers) shown on the cadastral map. Maniari watershed is situated in Lormi block of Mungeli district and located between 21011’0” and 21034’0” N and 81028’30” and 81057’30” E. It falls in SOI topographical map no. 64 F/12 (1:50,000). The Maniari watershed covers geographical area of 1067.63 km2. In Maniari watershed there are 17 sub-watersheds, out of this the study was carried out in the sub-watershed no. 4G3F4n which covers 31.33 km2 area. The general elevation of the area ranges from 230 m to 280 m above Mean Sea Level. The annual average rainfall of the area is 1158 mm. The maximum temperature reaches up to 42 0C in May and December is the coolest month with minimum temperature reaches 19.2 0C The predominant soil of the watershed is found to be clay loam and sandy clay loam. Various thematic maps were prepared by using Survey of India toposheets (1:50000 scale), Digital Globe, WorldView-1 high resolution satellite data (Bundle data, 2.0 m MX + 0.5 m PAN) dated 04/26/2013 and 11/30/2013. High resolution remotely sensed data provides valuable and up-to- date spatial information on natural resources and physical terrain parameters. ERDAS IMAGINE 2016 software was used for image rectification, enhancement and classification operations. Thematic maps including land use/land cover map, DEM, contour and drainage, Lithology and cadastral map were generated using RS and GIS technique. Assessment of availability and utilization trends of surface and groundwater, and surface runoff calculation was done by SCS curve number method. Development of land and water resources information system was carried out by using various software and languages comprising of MySQL, VB.NET, HTML, Java Script, CSS, jQuery. The cloud free geocoded digital data of Digital Globe-Worldview 1 in CD ROM was obtained from the NRSC Data Centre, Hyderabad. Based on the result of xiii image classification and image characteristics, the major land use/ cover classes were identified as settlement (7.71 %), deep water (2.39 %), shallow water (1.69 %), low land paddy (23.41 %), mid land paddy (21.10 %), soyabean (2.31 %), current fallow (25.60 %), barren land (1.20 %), water hyacinth (0.67 %), sugarcane (8.62 %), and plantation (5.28 %). Paddy soybean and sugarcane were the major crops of the study area. Based on the preparation and overlaying of various thematic maps, along with analysis of agrometeorological (Rainfall), hydrological and geomorphological data it was found that, the sub-watershed consists of 4th order stream network with total length, bifurcation ratio and drainage density as 52.78 km, 4.70 and 1.68 respectively. The average rainfall and average surface runoff of Maniari Sub-Watershed for 11 years (2007-2017) was 1261.83 mm and 273.38 mm respectively. The average specific yield of the study area was 0.025 taken from the previous study. In the study area the average fluctuation was found as 1.23 m whereas the recharge of ground water was 0.97 MCM. The net available ground water in the study sub-watershed was found to be 0.87 MCM. A viable, cost-effective, object-oriented and generic toolkit, called ‘‘LWRIS: Land and Water Resources Information System’’ using emerging tools and technologies such as, soft computing, GIS, RS, GPS etc. was developed for integrated watershed planning and management of its natural resources. The effective development of the LWRIS illustrates successful formulation of the framework for supported web-based sustainability. The LWRIS developed with an aim of providing a proper land and water information collection, storage and dissemination platform which can be used to get the information at field level.
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WATERSHED BASED LAND AND WATER RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
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