A Clinical Study On The Diagnosis And Management Of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection In Canines With Urolithiasis
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Date
2003
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Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present study was conducted on 21 clinical cases of male (90.48%) and female (9.52%) dogs with urolithiasis. The mean age at the time of urolith retrieval was 7.35 ± 0.59 years. Higher occurrence was found in Spitz followed by Dobermann and German Shepherd. Body temperature, pulse rate, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were near normal, whereas respiration rate, total leukocyte count, neutrophilic count, plasma urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine were elevated at presentation. Urine was reddish (42.86%), turbid (80.95%) and had variable pH. Most dog had cells/crystals/bacteria in the urine before surgery. All parameters became normal 20 days after surgery. Radiography was an important diagnostic tool for urolith detection. Hydrorepulsion was satisfactory to dislodge the urethroliths in 66.67% of cases. Majority of the dogs were operated for cystotomy (80.95%) followed by urethrotomy and cystotomy both (19.05%). Urinary bladder mucosal biopsies and uroliths were retrieved during cystotomy for comparative bacterial culture and sensitivity testing. Bacterial urinary tract infection was found in 76.19% of cases and the most prevalent bacteria were Escherichia coli followed by coagulase positive Staphylococcus spp. In 47.62% of cases no bacteria was cultured from urine, in 23.81% of these cases bacteria were isolated either from the bladder mucosal biopsy or the urolith. Most sensitive antimicrobials were tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin, cefazolin etc. Physical evaluation of uroliths and their radiographic densities provided tentative information regarding the mineral type prediction. Mineralysis revealed that the uroliths were predominantly composed of calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate (76.19%). The survival rate was found to be 71.43%. Post-operatively dietary modification helped in preventing recurrence.