INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION METHODS AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)–WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) CROPPING SYSTEM
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Date
2018
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
DIVISION OF AGRONOMY ICAR-INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE NEW DELHI
Abstract
A field and pot experiment entitled as ‘Influence of cultivation methods and
nutrient management on productivity and nutrient dynamics in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system’ was conducted on sandy clay loam soil
in sub-tropical and semi-arid type climate. Field experiment was conducted at Research
Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India during
rainy/Kharif and winter/Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15; while pot experiment was
conducted in 2013-14 in net house of Agronomy division. The soil of experiment field
had 257 kg ha-1
alkaline permanganate oxdisable nitrogen (N), 17 kg ha-1
available
phosphorus (P), 327 kg ha-1
1 N ammonium acetate exchangeable potassium (K) and
0.54% organic carbon. The p
H
of soil was 7.6 and DTPA-extractable zinc (Zn) was 0.85
mg kg-1
of soil. Acetylene reductase activity (ARA), soil chlorophyll, dehydrogenase
activity and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) of soil at start of experiment was 0.89 n
mole ethylene g-1
hr-1
, 0.23 mg g-1
of soil, 9.4 µg TPF g-1
of soil h-1
and 71.5 µg g-1
of
soil, respectively. Field experiment was conducted in split-plot design with three
methods of cultivation in both rice (puddled transplanted rice (PTR), system of rice
intensification (SRI) and aerobic rice system (ARS)) and wheat (conventioned drillsown wheat (CDW), system of wheat intensification (SWI) and zero tillage wheat
(ZTW)) as main plots and nine nutrient management options were same for both crops
as sub-plot treatments viz. control (N0P0Zn0), recommended dose (N120P25.8),
recommended dose (N120P25.8) + Zn, 75% recommended dose (N90P19.35), 75%
recommended dose (N90P19.35) + Zn, 75% recommended dose (N90P19.35) + Anabaena
sp. (CR1) + Providencia sp (PR3), 75% recommended dose (N90P19.35) + Anabaena sp.
(CR1) + Providencia sp (PR3)+ Zn, 75% recommended dose (N90P19.35) + AnabaenaPseudomonas (An-Ps) biofilmed formulation and 75% recommended dose (N90P19.35) +
Anabaena- Pseudomonas (An-Ps) biofilmed formulation + Zn.
Results of field experiment revealed that, all growth parameters studied in rice
such as plant height, tiller m-2
, shoot dry matter production, leaf area index (LAI) and
crop growth rate was remained identical in PTR and SRI methods of cultivation and
both these methods stand statistically superior to ARS. Yield attributes of rice had
438
highest values in SRI which was closely followed by and remained on par with PTR.
Both these methods had significantly higher values for all yield attributes than ARS.
Grain yield of rice was highest in SRI in both years (4.10 and 3.97 t ha-1
, respectively)
which was on par with PTR (4.08 and 3.95 t ha-1
, respectively); while yield in ARS
(3.93 and 3.80 t ha-1
, respectively) was statistically inferior than both PTR and SRI
method in both years. Straw yield, hulling percentage (%), milling % and head rice
recovery (%) followed similar trend as that of grain yield of rice. Among nutrient
management options, all growth and yield attributing parameters along with grain and
straw yields of rice was found highest in recommended dose (N120P25.8) + Zn which
remained on par with two other treatments viz. 75% recommended dose (N90P19.35) +
CR1+ PR3+ Zn and 75% recommended dose (N90P19.35) + An-Ps biofilmed formulation
+ Zn. These three treatments stand statistically superior to rest of the treatments in all
three methods of cultivation in both years of experiment.
In case of wheat, growth and yield attributes were significantly higher in ZTW as
compared to both CDW method and SWI; while CDW and SWI remained on par to
each other in both years of experiment. Grain yield of wheat was significantly higher in
ZTW (4.61 and 4.52 t ha-1
, respectively) in both years as compared to both CDW and
SWI and similar trend was observed in straw and biological yields. Cost of cultivation
was lowest in ZTW in both years of experiment (24.95 and 27.39 ` x 103
ha-1
) as
compared to other methods and this led to significantly higher net returns and B:C ratio
in ZTW. Among nutrient management options three treatments viz. recommended dose
(N120P25.8) + Zn, 75% recommended dose (N90P19.35) + CR1+ PR3+ Zn and 75%
recommended dose (N90P19.35) + An-Ps biofilmed formulation + Zn had significantly
higher biometric parameters, yield attributes and yield of wheat as compared to all other
treatments. Gross returns, net returns and B:C ratios were also recorded significantly
higher in same treatments during both years.
Description
t-9807
Keywords
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