Heterosis, combining ability and gene action for yield and quality traits in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)”

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2018-01
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
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The present investigation involving two experiments was carried out during 2014-2015 at G.B.Pant University of agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. First experiment was undertaken to estimate the relative importance of combining ability and heterosis for 13 quantitative characters including seed yield in cowpea (Vigina unguculata (L). Walp). Second experiment was conducted to understand the nature of gene effects involved in the inheritance of various quantitative characters. Pant Lobia-1, Pant Lobia-2, Pant Lobia-3, Pant Lobia-5, PGCP-59, PGCP-63 and PVCP-20 along with their 21 F1’s were evaluated for genetic analysis using Griffing’s numerical approach (1956). Six generations viz;- P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 of each two families, PGCP-63 X Pant Lobia-1 (Family 1), Pant Lobia-3 X Pant Lobia-1 (Family 2), were evaluated in Compact Family Block Design with three replications and data were subjected to generation mean analysis following scaling test (Mather 1949). Analysis of variance revealed significant mean squares of general and specific combining abilities for all the traits studied. Pant lobia-2, Pant Lobia-3 and Pant Lobia-5 had good GCA for seed yield per hectare. Pant Lobia-1 was best general combiner for number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight whereas; Pant Lobia-2 for number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant, seed yield per hectare, iron content and zinc content. Pant Lobia-3 for seed yield per hectare, seed weight per plant, zinc content and days to pod maturity; Pant Lobia-5 for plant height, seed yield per hectare, 100-seed weight, seed weight per plant and iron and zinc content; PGCP-59 and PGCP-63 were for plant height; PVCP-20 for green pod weight per plant and pod length. The hybrids Pant Lobia-2 X Pant Lobia-1 and PGCP-63 x Pant Lobia-5 revealed highest SCA effects for seed yield per hectare. Specific combing ability analysis indicated that the cross Pant Lobia- 3 x Pant Lobia-2 was best cross combination for days to 1st flowering, Pant Lobia-2 x Pant Lobia-1 was for number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant, green pod yield per plant and seed yield per hectare; PVCP-20 x PGCP-63 for pod length, Pant Lobia-3 x Pant Lobia-2 for number of seeds per pod; PVCP20 x Pant Lobia-5 g for green pod weight per plant; PVCP-20 x Pant Lobia-3 for days to pod maturity; Pant Lobia-3 x Pant Lobia-1 for 100-seed weight and Pant Lobia-5 x Pant Lobia-1 for plant height and iron content and Pant Lobia- 5 x Pant Lobia-3 for zinc content. The magnitude of relative heterosis, heterobelteosis and economic heterosis for seed yield per hectare ranged from 9.03 to 67.10%, 6.20 to 54.47% and 4.95 to 82.75% respectively. Significant estimates of additive [d] and dominance [h] effects as well as all three types of epistasis were observed for most of the quantitative characters in all the two families. The opposite signs of [h] and [l] indicated that duplicate epistasis was important in inheritance for some of the traits in both the families. In the present investigation both additive and non-additive gene action are involved in controlling seed yield and related traits. The presence of additive gene action suggested that a part of the heterosis can fixed in subsequent generation to take advantage in further selection. The preponderance of non-additive gene action, however brought out that heterosis component could be explained in hybrid development in cowpea.
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