Studies on incidence of Babesiosis in stray and pet dogs in and around Bhubaneswar

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Date
2015
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Orissa Univesrity of Agriculture and Technology; Bhubaneswar
Abstract
"Canine babesiosis is a vector borne disease caused by intra-erythrocytic apicomplexan parasites Babesia canis (large form) and Babesia gibsoni (small form), throughout the globe. The objective of the study was to detect the incidence rate of babesiosis infection in stray & pet dogs in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The diagnostic efficacy of Babesiosis infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has been compared with microscopy examination. In the current study, a total of 198 blood samples were collected and examined from stray & pet dogs with a history of persistent high fever, anorexia, depression presented at TYCC, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during a period of one year (August 2014 to June 2015). Examination of Giemsa-stained peripheral thin blood smears revealed an overall prevalence of 8.07% (16/198) for canine babesiosis encompassing 3.53% (7/198) of large Babesia and 4.54% (91198) of Babesia gibsoni. However, molecular diagnosis revealed 19.19% (38/198) samples positive for babesiosis infection out of which 3 dogs are clinically normal as evident by the presence of 450 bp amplicon. 4 PCR positive samples were randomly choosen for sequencing. Out of which 3 positive samples revealed 100% similarity with the B. canis vogeli having accession numbers KT246303, KT246306, KT246307& I sample showed 100% similarity with B. canis having accession number KT24630S. Out of 4 sequenced samples one sample that showed double bands in the gel corresponds to 450 bp amplicon size & 520 bp amplicon size, higher than the one observed in Babesia spp. and showed 99% similarity with Hepatozoon canis having accession number KT246304. This showed that, mixed infection by both of the species was present The season wise incidence study of Babesia spp. revealed highest incidence (24.39%) in the summer season followed by 20.93% in rainy season & 12.32% in winter. The age wise incidence of babesiosis revealed highest incidence (22.22%) in the <1 years age group, followed by 18.30% incidence in dogs of>1 years age group. The sex wise incidence study revealed 16.43% incidencein females as compared with 20.8 per cent in males. The maximum incidence was noticed in Labrador breed i.e., 35.71% followed by German Shepherd breed i.e. 30.76% followed by Spitz (25%), Pug (20%), Non-descriptive (16.32%), Great Dane (11.11%), Rottwiller (9.09%), Mixed (8.33%) respectively. There was no significant variation (P < 0.05) in the incidence of babesiosis during different season and in different age groupS, sex and breeds. The most common haematological alterations include anaemia (57.14%), decrease in WBCs count and neutrophils along with an increase in monocyte count. Leukocytes abnormalities include neutropenia in 28/359 (80%) of dogs, lymphocytosis in 23/35 (65.71%) of dogs, and monocytosis in 23/35 (65.71%) of the dogs. Thrombocytopenia is the most consistent hematologic abnormality observed in 100% of the affected dogs."
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TH-4446
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