Toxicological and biochemicals studies of 0, 0-dimethyl-o-(2-n-methyl carbamoyl-1-methyl vinyl) phosphate (monocrotophos) in bubalus bubalis

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Date
1985
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Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Tne oral acute and subacute toxicity studies of organophos­phorus insecticide monocrotophos were conducted in buffalo calves. To evolve an efficacious antidotal treatment against monocrotophos poisoning, therapeutic efficacy of oxirne reactivator antimuscrinic drug atropine and their combination was investigated in buffalo calves poisoned with lethal dose of monocrotophos (40 mg/kg). In acute toxicity study, oral athllinistration of monocrotophos in single doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, body weight produced mild to moderate toxic symptoms which were characteristic of anti-cholinesterase poisoning.The loest dose of monocrotophos (10 mg/kg) was not lethal whereas 20 and 40 mg/kg doses produced 50 and 100 per cent lethality wit,A.in 106-116 and 14-32 h, respectively. Monocrotophos in all the doses inhibited erythrocyte cholinesterase (51.5-96.6 /0), plasma cholinesterase (39.8-81.7 /0 and serum carboxylesterase (38-70 /)) within 12-72 h of its administr:Ition. The inactivation was found to be dose dependent. The administration of monocrotophos in various doses significantly elevated the serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, acid and alkaline phosphatases, blood glucose and total plasma proteins.In oral subacute toxicity study, the daily administration of 0.5 mg/kg of monocrotophos for 28 days caused death in one out of three animals on 10th day whereas the other two animals died within one month of withdrawal of insecticide. Higher dose of monocrotophos (2.0 mg/kg/day) was 100 per cent lethal within 8-12 days. At both dose levels monocrotophos caused significant inactivation of erythrocyte cholinesterase (29)4-50.8 /0), plasma cholinesterase (31.4-31.9 A) and serum carboxylesterase (24.5-34.5 During the exposure period, monocrotophos produced a gradual and significant increase in the serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, acid and alkaline phosphatasesI blood glucose and total plasma proteins.in antidotal study, parenteral adjdnistration of DAM (30 mg/kg, iv), DAM (30 mg/kg iv followed by 15 mg/kg, im at 12 h) plus atropine (0.5 mg/kg 9 1/4 iv and 3/4 im followed by 0.5 mg/kg, im at 7-8, 14-16, 22-24 h and 0.25 mg/kg, im at 32 and 42 h) and atropine 0.5 mg/kg , 1/4 iv and 4/4 im followed by 0.5 mg/kg, in at 6-8, 16-18, 24-26 h and 0.25 mg/kg, im at 32-36 h) failed to protect animals against monocrctophos induced lethality. None of the antidote tested was effective in reversing the monocrotophos induced alterations in blood esterases, serum aminotransferases, serum phosphatases, blood glucose and total plasma proteins. The results of present study, suggest that monecrotophos is one of the hazardous insecticide for buffalo species.
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