Effect of orchard floor management practices on growth, yield and quality of mango Mangifera indica L. cv. Dashehari
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Date
2018-10
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Effect of orchard floor management practices on growth, yield and quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari was carried out at a private orchard at Akhnoor (Dumi),Jammu during 2017-18. The trees of mango cv. Dashehari were treated with different orchard floor management practices (mulching and herbicidal treatment) in the last week of January 2017. In all, there were 9 treatments including mulches viz., black polythene, silver coated (bi-colored) polythene, paddy straw, saw dust, black gram, clean cultivation and herbicides viz., atrazine (2.0 Kg a.i. per hectare), glyphosate (3.0 kg a.i. per ha) and control which were replicated thrice. The following prominent weeds such as Cynodon daclylon L., Cyprus rotundus L., Parthenium histerophorous L., Sorghum halepense L., Chenopodium album L., Medicago denticulate L., Rumex dentatus L., Solanum nigrum L., Argemone mexicana, Anagelis arvensis L., Cannabis sativa L., Ageratum conyzoides L. were reported in the experimental site during present investigation.
Among the different treatments, maximum weed density per square meter (734.34) was observed in control after 120 days of treatment and minimum under black polythene. Black polythene mulch treatment recorded 100% weed control efficiency and minimum weed index of 1.03% as compared to rest of the treatments. Maximum annual extension growth (17.67 cm), leaf area (97.93 cm²) and leaf chlorophyll content (59.0 µmol/m²) was recorded in black polythene mulch treatment. However, minimum growth parameters were observed in control. Duration of flowering was found maximum in black polythene mulch (24.33 days) and minimum in control. Black polythene mulch was superior to all other mulching materials in term of yield attributes as it registered a maximum fruit set of (20.19%), minimum fruit drop of (79.10%) and higher fruit yield ( 50.92) kg per tree. Black polythene mulch showed maximum fruit weight (150.18 g), fruit length (11.28 cm), fruit breadth (6.07 cm), fruit volume (158.81 cm³), fresh weight of pulp (106.31 g) and pulp: stone ratio (3.99), followed by silver coated polythene mulch and minimum in control. Black polythene mulch was superior in term of chemical characteristics of fruits such as total soluble solids (21.82° B), ascorbic acid (40.72mg/100g pulp), total sugars (16.47%), reducing sugars (11.35%) and non-reducing sugars (3.73%), as compared to rest of the treatments. Titratable acidity (0.27%) was recorded maximum in control. Among all the treatments, soil moisture content was found maximum under black polythene mulch followed by silver coated (bi-colored) polythene mulch and minimum in clean cultivation.
From the present study, it can be concluded that for improving growth, yield and fruit quality of mango cv Dashehari, black polythene mulch and silver coated (bi-colored) polythene mulch and among herbicide atrazine 2.0 kg a.i/ha are found to be most suitable under the Jammu subtropical conditions.
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