LEAD INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN POULTRY AND ITS AMELIORATION BY CERTAIN ANTIOXIDANTS AND ADAPTOGENS
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Date
2007-05
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT :
A total of 225 day old sexed male broiler chicks of Vencobb strain were randomly divided into fifteen groups consisting of fifteen chicks in each group. Groups 1,2,3,4 and 5 served as plain controls. Group 1 was maintained on based diet, 2 on poly herbal formulation (PHF) @ 1 g/kg feed, 3 on shilajith @ 100 mg/kg feed, 4 on amla @ 500 mg/kg feed and 5 on vit E (3000 mg/kg feed) + Se (0.3 mg/kg feed). Group 6 was maintained on lead @ 250 mg/kg feed for 42 days (6 weeks) and 7 on lead for 28 days and subsequently on basal diet with out lead for the remaining 2 weeks. Groups 8, 9, 10 and 11 were given lead along with PHF, shilajith, amla and vit E + Se, respectively throughout the experiment for 6 weeks. Groups 12, 13, 14 and 15 were given lead containing diet for the first 4 weeks (28 days) and subsequently treated with PHF, shilajith, amla and vit E + Se, respectively for the remaining 2 weeks. The performance parameters were recorded at weekly intervals. Antioxidant defense profile (GSH-Px, GSH-R and catalase), biomarkers of hepatic damage (ALT and ALP), renal damage (serum creatinine and BUN), lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol) in serum and protein profile (total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio) were estimated at the end of 4th and 6th week. Liver lipids, TBARS and HI titer, and the activity of Na+/k+ ATPase, Mg2+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase and CYP450 were estimated at the end of 6th week. Electron microscopy of kidney conducted at the end of 6th week revealed ruptured mitochondria and vacuolation in the proximal convoluted tubules in the toxic control group 6. Prominent lysosomal bodies were also observed along with distraction of brush border and narrowing of lumen. Few lysosomal bodies were found in the groups 13 and 14 (amla and vit E + Se treated groups, respectively), while PHF and shilajith treated groups (12 and 13, respectively) exhibited no specific cellular changes on electron microscopy. Performance parameters, antioxidant defense parameters, enzyme levels, sero-biochemical parameters, activity of membranes ATPases and CYP450 were significantly altered in the toxic control The sero-biochemical and histopathological parameters were normal in controls groups 1 to 5 and other groups that were given the drugs in test and showed good amelioration. Thus, it is concluded that lead induces biological damage by means of oxidative stress and the drugs in test viz., PHF, shilajith, amla and vit E + Se offered better amelioration.
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